The Semantic Potencial and Functional Characteristics of the Present Tense in Albanian Language

Alma Pinari
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Abstract

In the Albanian language grammar as far as synthetic present tense is regarded, the verb (run - vrapoj), has been traditionally called as an undefined tense since it rarely defines a certain moment of the action. On the other hand the analytic form of present continues (po vrapoj - I am running), deals with a certain connection between the action and the moment of speech. The real difference between the undefined action and defined action has always been considered as the main characteristic of the contravention among analytics and synthetics forms of the Albanian language. Actually, the main reason that we use the present tense of the indicative form is to show the way an action is in total accordance with the action of speech. But linguistic facts prove that the action expressed by the present instant transcends the limits of discourse, while fragment of the situation that is in the scope of the speakers at the "moment of speech", as a rule, is part of a whole situation, where the beginning and the end of the action is not affected from it. However, the Albanian language deals with the present tense of verbs just like other forms of the verbs in an attempt to limit the connection between the action and the moment of speech. This happens even in other tenses which may be sort of the same but that stand in different semantic meanings. The scope of this paper is of indicative in Albanian language, the semantic potential and functional features of its synthetic and analytic forms and linguistic interpretation issues of semantic content of this tense. Among other forms of indicative, present tense of Albanian is characterized by large semantics due to the ability of its forms to express not only time relations with the moment of speech (proper temporal semantics), but also how verbal action develops or is distributed in time (aspectual semantics). Idea of time underlies both mentioned semantics, but they stand in different linguistic planes.
阿尔巴尼亚语现在时的语义势和功能特征
在阿尔巴尼亚语语法中,就综合现在时而言,动词(run - vrapoj)传统上被称为未定义时态,因为它很少定义动作的某个时刻。另一方面,现在进行时的分析形式(po vrapoj - I am running)处理动作和说话时刻之间的某种联系。未定义行为和定义行为之间的真正区别一直被认为是阿尔巴尼亚语分析和合成形式之间冲突的主要特征。实际上,我们使用指示形式的现在时的主要原因是为了表明一个行为是完全符合言语行为的。但是语言事实证明,现在瞬间所表达的行为超越了话语的限制,而在“言语时刻”处于说话者范围内的情境片段,通常是整个情境的一部分,在这个情境中,行为的开始和结束都不受其影响。然而,阿尔巴尼亚语处理动词的现在时就像其他形式的动词一样,试图限制动作和说话时刻之间的联系。这种情况甚至发生在其他时态中,这些时态可能是相同的,但在不同的语义意义上。本文的研究范围是阿尔巴尼亚语的指示语,其综合形式和分析形式的语义潜力和功能特征,以及该时态语义内容的语言解释问题。在其他指示语形式中,阿尔巴尼亚语的现在时具有大语义学的特点,因为其形式不仅能够表达与言语时刻的时间关系(适当的时间语义学),而且还能够表达言语行为如何在时间中发展或分布(方面语义学)。时间观念是上述两种语义学的基础,但它们处于不同的语言层面。
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