Fluid and Glucose

Abstract

The fluid and glucose chapter focuses primarily on unwell newborns who need early blood glucose monitoring for hypoglycemia and immediate stabilization with intravenous dextrose solution. But infants can be at risk for low blood glucose for many reasons, and they too need specific attention and care, even when they are not symptomatic. Oral doses of dextrose gel may help to raise blood glucose levels, which also depend on whether an infant cannot feed or should not be fed (for any reason) and response to supplementation or managed oral feeding. Guidance includes glucose thresholds to aim for, determined by postnatal age, and testing intervals to expedite the normalization of blood glucose values. How to assess, measure, and anticipate fluid requirements in at-risk infants is explained in detail, and risks for hypoglycaemia, dehydration, and overhydration are considered. Two case scenarios examine different hypoglycaemia risks.