HUBUNGAN SELF-EFFICACY DENGAN TINGKAT KECEMASAN LANSIA DENGAN HIPERTENSI

Abstract

ABSTRAK  Lansia dengan hipertensi sering mengalami kecemasan dikarenakan komplikasi yang sering terjadi seperti stroke, gagal ginjal, dan jantung koroner. Self-efficacy sebagai keyakinan diri untuk mengatasi masalah dengan cara mempengaruhi kognisi seseorang diduga dapat membantu lansia untuk menghadapi kondisi ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan self-efficacy dengan tingkat kecemasan pada lansia hipertensi di RW 03 Kelurahan Rambutan, Kecamatan Ciracas, Jakarta Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross sectional dengan teknik purposive sampling. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 42 orang merupakan warga lansia dengan hipertensi di RW 03 Kelurahan Rambutan yang dilakukan pada bulan Mei 2020 – Juni 2020. Chronic Disease Self-Efficacy Scale digunakan untuk mengukur Self-Efficacy dan Geriatric Anxiety Scale digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat kecemasan. Sampel penelitian dianalisis dengan uji Chi Square (p < 0,05). Hasil penelitian ditemukan karakteristik responden paling banyak berusia lansia (60 – 74) tahun sebanyak 39 responden (92,9%), berjenis kelamin perempuan 26 responden (61,9%), tidak teratur minum obat hipertensi sebanyak 25 responden (59,9%), lama hipertensi > 2 tahun sebanyak 30 responden (71,4%). Analisis bivariat menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara self-efficacy dengan tingkat kecemasan pada lansia dengan hipertensi di RW 03 Kelurahan Rambutan (p = 0,019). Peneliti menyarankan lansia lebih memperhatikan pola hidup sehat agar mengontrol hipertensi dan bagi pelayanan kesehatan khususnya perawat dapat mendeteksi secara dini kecemasan yang terjadi pada lansia hipertensi.  Kata Kunci: Hipertensi, Kecemasan, Lansia, Self-Efficacy   ABSTRACT  Elderly with hypertension often experience anxiety due to frequent complications such as stroke, kidney failure, and coronary heart disease. Self-efficacy as self-confidence to overcome problems by influencing one's cognition is thought to be able to help the elderly deal with this condition. This study aims to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and anxiety levels in hypertensive elderly in RW 03 Rambutan Village, Ciracas District, East Jakarta. This research used a cross-sectional method with a purposive sampling technique. The research sample was 42 elderly citizens with hypertension in RW 03 Rambutan Village which was carried out from May 2020 - June 2020. The Chronic Disease Self-Efficacy Scale was used to measure Self-Efficacy and the Geriatric Anxiety Scale was used to measure anxiety levels. The research sample was analyzed by the Chi-Square test (p < 0.05). The results of the study found that most respondents were elderly (60 – 74) years as many as 39 respondents (92.9%), female 26 respondents (61.9%), did not regularly take hypertension medication as 25 respondents (59.9% ), duration of hypertension > 2 years as many as 30 respondents (71.4%). Bivariate analysis showed that there was a relationship between self-efficacy and anxiety levels in the elderly with hypertension in RW 03 Rambutan Village (p = 0.019). Researchers suggest that the elderly pay more attention to a healthy lifestyle to control hypertension and for health services, especially nurses, to be able to detect early anxiety that occurs in the elderly with hypertension.   Keywords: Hypertension, Anxiety, Elderly, Self-Efficacy