Analysis of the CMOS differential amplifier with active load and single-ended output

Abstract

The CMOS differential amplifier with active load and single-ended output is one of the most popular circuits used in analog and mixed signal applications owing to its amazing performances. Very often the analysis of the differential amplifier is simplified and its behaviour is not explained properly. In this paper the facts that the gate to source voltages and the current changes of the output transistors in the differential mode are not of equal amount are explained. The body-effect is also included into the analysis.