CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY: THE CHARACTERISTICS OF KOSOVO AND RWANDA VICTIMS

Juan López-Palafox, A. García-García, Á. López-Rodríguez, Patricia Lara-López, R. Diego, C. Chamorro-Petronacci, M. Pérez‐Sayáns
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Abstract

Objective: Crimes occurred in Rwanda (1994) and Kosovo (1999) have been considered as genocides. Our main objective was to describe the difference between the crimes committed in Kosovo and Rwanda based on the victims found in each area according to their age, gender, and way to die. Methods: Bodies were found in those places selected by field observers. We have included all human and material elements that were found near the bodies in Rwanda and Kosovo. We also have taken photographs to the lesions in some cases to document our findings. As a criterion for inclusion, it was necessary to be able to identify the form of death and the ethnic group (in Rwanda, Tutsi or moderate Hutus, and in Kosovo, the Kosovar Albanian victims). All samples that did not meet the requirements to determine personal characteristics were excluded. Results: A total of 1044 bodies were individually studied, 857 from Rwanda and 187 from Kosovo. Our results reveal differences in the injuries presented in most Rwandan victims, were most were due to machetes or canes, and those in Kosovo where most were due to firearms or explosions. Most of the bodies studied in Rwanda belong to the Tutsi ethnic group and were not buried. However, the majority of the bodies found in Kosovo were individually buried. Conclusions: We conclude that there are differences in the studied victims attending to their characteristic and their wounds in Kosovo and Rwanda.
危害人类罪:科索沃和卢旺达受害者的特点
目标:卢旺达(1994年)和科索沃(1999年)发生的罪行被视为种族灭绝。我们的主要目标是根据在每个地区发现的受害者的年龄、性别和死亡方式来描述在科索沃和卢旺达犯下的罪行之间的区别。方法:在现场观察员选定的地点发现尸体。我们把在卢旺达和科索沃的尸体附近发现的所有人和物质因素都包括在内。我们还拍摄了一些病例的病变照片,以记录我们的发现。作为纳入的标准,必须能够确定死亡的形式和族裔群体(在卢旺达是图西族或温和的胡图族,在科索沃是科索沃阿尔巴尼亚族受害者)。所有不符合确定个人特征要求的样本均被排除。结果:共研究了1044具尸体,其中卢旺达857具,科索沃187具。我们的研究结果显示,在大多数卢旺达受害者中,大多数是由于砍刀或手杖造成的,而在科索沃,大多数是由于枪支或爆炸造成的。在卢旺达研究的大多数尸体属于图西族,没有被埋葬。然而,在科索沃发现的大多数尸体都是单独埋葬的。结论:我们得出的结论是,在科索沃和卢旺达,研究的受害者在其特征和伤口方面存在差异。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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