Biomarkers and Cancers

Abstract

Biomarkers are characteristic biological indicators used to identify physical damage or disruption of physiological processes in humans and animals. Historically, various biomarkers have been used to monitor functional changes, including radioactive isotopes, stable isotopes, fatty acids, etc. Thanks to biomarkers, many changes are successfully monitored and identified by biomonitoring using minimally invasive techniques. These methods are becoming increasingly important for the study, not only of changes, but also of interactions between wild and domestic animals, humans, plant life, and the environment