Study and ground simulations of outgassing and hypervelocity impacts on carbon-based materials for space applications

A. Vricella, A. Delfini, M. Albano, F. Santoni, R. Pastore, G. Rubini, M. Marchetti
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引用次数: 3

Abstract

Recently, the focus of Space Research has been set both on scientific and commercial fields. When planning a mission in space, it is necessary take into account the environment in which the instrumentations and the satellite that carries them will go to work. About 25% of operating anomalies are in fact due to the space environment that affects the control and management systems of the spacecraft and of the instrument. So it is mandatory to guarantee the compliance with the low earth orbit (LEO) space environment that degrades the performances and functionality of materials with phenomena such as atomic oxygen (AO), ultraviolet (UV) radiation, plasma, micrometeoroids and orbital debris (MMOD), as well as extreme thermal states given by orbital temperature cycles. In this frame the study of Outgassing properties and the hypervelocity impact resistance of space materials and in particular of Carbon based materials is of primary importance. A material with poor outgassing properties will degas volatile particles of itself and humidity with critical effects on electronic and optical devices. The resistance to high vacuum will assure the durability and the reliability of materials and structures. Very important is also the ability of a material or a structure to withstand impacts of MMOD. In this paper Outgassing and impact tests have been carried out on samples obtained from C/C prototypes for employment in re-entry systems and on samples of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP). The outgassing tests have been performed both on “naked” and coated samples per C/C kind and on CFRP. An Advanced Linear Electromagnetic Accelerator (ALEA), named railgun, has been developed in order to perform high energy impact test. The experimental results of impact test showed a damage limited to the Carbon based materials shell and could be adopted as solution to guarantee a safe mission and furthermore also that the railgun is suitable to perform impact testing of materials in the space debris energy range; at last, outgassing tests results show a complete compatibility of the materials under investigation with the standard.
空间应用碳基材料脱气和超高速撞击的研究和地面模拟
近年来,空间研究的重点已放在科学和商业两个领域。在规划太空任务时,必须考虑到仪器和运载它们的卫星工作的环境。事实上,大约25%的运行异常是由于空间环境影响了航天器和仪器的控制和管理系统。在低地球轨道环境中,原子氧(AO)、紫外线(UV)辐射、等离子体、微流星体和轨道碎片(MMOD)等现象以及轨道温度循环带来的极端热态会降低材料的性能和功能,因此必须保证其符合低地球轨道环境。在此框架下,航天材料特别是碳基材料的放气性能和超高速抗冲击性能的研究是至关重要的。放气性能差的材料会使自身的挥发性颗粒和湿度脱气,对电子和光学器件产生关键影响。对高真空的抵抗将保证材料和结构的耐久性和可靠性。同样重要的是材料或结构承受MMOD冲击的能力。本文对用于再入系统的C/C原型样品和碳纤维增强聚合物(CFRP)样品进行了放气和冲击试验。除气测试已在“裸”和涂层样品上进行,每个C/C类型和CFRP。为了进行高能冲击试验,研制了一种先进的直线电磁加速器轨道炮。冲击试验结果表明,轨道炮的损伤仅限于碳基材料外壳,可以作为保障任务安全的解决方案,并且轨道炮适合进行空间碎片能量范围内的材料冲击试验;最后,放气试验结果表明所研究的材料与标准完全相容。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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