Spotlight Abstraction with Shade Clustering -- Automatic Verification of Parameterised Systems

Nils Timm
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Parameterised verification is concerned with checking global properties of software systems composed of an arbitrary number of processes. A promising approach to this generally undecidable problem is combining symmetry arguments with spotlight abstraction. This combination allows to construct small abstract models of parameterised systems on which the properties can be checked. Spotlight abstraction partitions the systems processes into a spotlight and a shade. The processes in the shade are summarised into a single approximative component and the inherent loss of information is modelled by a third truth value unknown. Thus, a verification run may also return unknown, which does not allow to draw any conclusions whether the system satisfies the property or not. Here we introduce an extension of spotlight abstraction called shade clustering, which allows to divide the shade into multiple approximative components, and thus, to preserve more definite information in the abstract model. Finding suitable clusters is, however, not straightforward. Moreover, an inadequate clustering can easily lead to an unnecessary explosion of the abstract state space. Therefore, we also present a fully automatic abstraction refinement framework for verifying parameterised systems. Based on abstract counterexamples, refinement is iteratively performed by either adding new predicates, shifting processes from the shade to the spotlight, or building appropriate shade clusters. Experimental results show that our shade clustering-based approach can significantly reduce the number of necessary refinement steps and thus speed up parameterised verification.
带阴影聚类的聚光灯抽象——参数化系统的自动验证
参数化验证涉及检查由任意数量的进程组成的软件系统的全局属性。对于这个通常无法确定的问题,一种很有希望的方法是将对称论证与聚光灯抽象相结合。这种组合允许构建参数化系统的小型抽象模型,可以在其上检查属性。聚光灯抽象将系统过程划分为聚光灯和阴影。阴影中的过程被总结为单个近似组件,固有的信息损失由第三个未知真值建模。因此,验证运行也可能返回unknown,它不允许得出系统是否满足属性的任何结论。在这里,我们引入了一种称为阴影聚类的聚光灯抽象扩展,它允许将阴影划分为多个近似分量,从而在抽象模型中保留更明确的信息。然而,找到合适的集群并非易事。此外,不适当的聚类很容易导致不必要的抽象状态空间爆炸。因此,我们还提出了一个用于验证参数化系统的全自动抽象细化框架。基于抽象的反例,细化是通过添加新谓词、将过程从阴影转移到聚光灯或构建适当的阴影集群来迭代执行的。实验结果表明,基于阴影聚类的方法可以显著减少必要的细化步骤,从而加快参数化验证的速度。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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