Quantification of Compositional Changes of Petroleum Hydrocarbons by GC/FID and GC/MS during a Long-Term Bioremediation Experiment

Trine S. Jensen, E. Arvin, B. Svensmark, P. Wrang
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引用次数: 19

Abstract

Samples from a long-term bioremediation experiment contaminated with two crude oils, Arabian Heavy and Gullfax, was used to analyze the compositional change of petroleum hydrocarbons. A time course of five different homologous series of petroleum hydrocarbons were analysed by GC/FID and GC/MS. The homologous series were n-alkanes, acyclic isoprenoids, alkylated naphthalenes, alkylated phenanthrenes, and alkylated dibenzothiophenes. Several biomarker compounds were monitored during the experiment to evaluate the possible use as conserved reference compounds for the quantification of other oil compounds, that is, nor-hopanes, hopanes, methyl-hopanes, steranes, mono- og triaromatic steranes. The 17α(H),21β(H)-hopane was found to be stable toward biodegradation and was used as reference compound. The internal standard quantification method was used to quantify changes of the homologous series of oil compounds, and a graphic presentation was used to compare the decrease of the individual compounds. This was found to be an easy way of comparing relative changes in oil. The disappearance of the compounds was extensive and in 6 to 7 months less than 6% remained. The decrease of the n-alkanes (>C15) and acyclic isoprenoids was almost uniform within each homologous series and thus independent of physical-chemical characteristics. Evaporation affected compounds with boiling points lower than n-C15. The alkylated aromatic and sulfur-aromatic compounds decreased according to the degree of alkylation and the decrease showed to be delayed by 10 to 20% by each additional alkyl group. The lack of isomeric-specific degradation of most of the aromatic and sulfur-aromatic compounds, until extensive decrease in concentration had occurred, suggests these compounds have to be dissolved, before any biodegradation occurs.
长期生物修复实验中石油烃组分变化的GC/FID和GC/MS定量分析
利用阿拉伯重油和Gullfax两种原油污染的长期生物修复实验样品,分析了石油烃类成分的变化。采用气相色谱/FID和气相色谱/质谱分析了5个不同同源系列石油烃的时间过程。同源系列为正构烷烃、无环类异戊二烯、烷基化萘、烷基化菲和烷基化二苯并噻吩。在实验过程中对几种生物标记化合物进行了监测,以评估其作为其他油化合物(即非藿烷、藿烷、甲基藿烷、甾烷、单三芳甾烷)定量的保守参比化合物的可能性。结果表明,17α(H),21β(H)-藿烷具有稳定的生物降解性能,可作为参比化合物。采用内标定量法对同源系列油类化合物的变化进行量化,并采用图解法对单个化合物的减少量进行比较。人们发现这是比较油的相对变化的一种简便方法。化合物的消失是广泛的,在6至7个月后,剩下的不到6%。正构烷烃(>C15)和无环类异戊二烯的减少在各同源系列中几乎是一致的,因此与物理化学特性无关。沸点低于n-C15的化合物受蒸发影响。随着烷基化程度的增加,烷基化芳香化合物和硫芳香化合物的含量降低,每增加一个烷基,其降低幅度可延迟10 ~ 20%。大多数芳香化合物和含硫芳香化合物在浓度大幅下降之前,对同分异构体缺乏特异性降解,这表明这些化合物必须在发生任何生物降解之前被溶解。
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