The Physical and Psychosocial Functionalities of Female Circumcision Practice Among Meranaos, Mindanao, Philippines

Abstract

Female circumcision (FC) is a practice attributed to Muslims since it isusually practiced in societies where Muslims predominate. This study is intendedto investigate the underlying beliefs and practices of FC among Meranaos in thePhilippines, one of the major Muslim tribes in the country that still practiceFC. The study also outlined the procedure being followed by the women. Thisstudy utilized a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods using aspecially designed questionnaire, interviews and focused group discussions withthe respondents. Overall, the results showed common viewpoints among femalerespondents and manunuris as they believed that this practice has religious basisin the Hadith, and is a symbol of fidelity to the institution of marriage and a commitment to Islam. Pricking and removing some tissues from the clitoris is the most common method utilized. The problems in the functionalities inherent inthis practice mentioned by the female respondents were pain, bleeding, infection,anxiety, trauma and fear. The positive responses mentioned were increasingconfidence, obedience, and improved social interaction. Male respondents have uncertainty concerning the basis of this practice. The religious leaders confirmedthat the verse in the Hadith concerning circumcision is not clear and inconclusiveand expressed their agreement in the eradication of this practice. Keywords - Sociology, female circumcision, functionalities, qualitative research,quantitative research, Lanao del Sur, Philippines