Enhancing grid-connected hybrid PV-Wind systems: A comprehensive review

Abstract

The ability to convert energy from one form to another is essential for both survival and the advancement of society. Wind and solar energy represent the most abundant and widely accessible renewable energy sources globally. It offers significant potential for sustainable power generation and reducing dependence on fossil fuels. Because of the tremendous advancements in power electronic systems in recent years, the output of electricity from wind and photovoltaic energy sources has expanded dramatically. The nonlinear programming (NLP) optimization method was used to determine the maximum electrical efficiency of the grid-connected SOFC subject to the constraints of fuel utilization factor, stack temperature, and output active power based on the benchmark Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) dynamic model for power system studies and the analysis of the SOFC operating conditions. By solving the NLP issue with the power required by the air compressor, the optimal operating conditions of the grid-connected SOFC were determined. With the optimal SOFC operating conditions for maximum efficiency operation obtained at different active power output levels, a hierarchical load tracking control scheme for the grid-connected SOFC was proposed to have maximum electrical efficiency operation while keeping the stack temperature bounded.