THE EFFECT OF VARIATIONS IN THE SHAPE OF THE SEAM ON MICROSTRUCTURE, HARDNESS AND TENSILE STRENGTH IN THE WELDING PROCESS OF STEEL SS400 WITH THE SMAW METHOD

A. Kurniawan, S. Suharno, I. Widiastuti
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Abstract

The purpose of this research is to investigate the influence of groove weld type on the welding joint to the physical and mechanical characteristic using the Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) method. The welding process causes the around metal has thermal cycles and then resulting metallurgical changes, deformations and thermal stresses. Because of these structural changes, the mechanical characteristic will change as well.This research use experimental method that is researcher doing butt joint welding with X, V and ½ V groove weld type by using low carbon steel SS400 with carbon content 0,1% then testing micro structure, hardness and tensile strength.Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the results of microstructure test showed improvement of acicular structure of ferrite and pearlite after welding. In raw material, the grain boundary structure of ferrite is evenly distributed. Hardness values on welding results indicate a different level of violence. The specimen with V type has the highest hardness of 248,6 VHN, then the specimen with ½ V form is 233,7 VHN and the specimen with the X type is 228,6 VHN while the raw material has hardness value 200,58 VHN. The value of tensile strength on the welding results indicates a difference. The specimen with the V type have the highest tensile strength level of 430,97 MPa and strain 18,11% then the ½ V type is 419,93 MPa and strain 15,52% followed by the X type with the average of tensile strength 414,88 MPa and strain 14,92% and on raw material has a tensile strength value 401,94 MPa and strain 13,26%. This study shows that welding using variations of groove weld type changes the microstructure and affects the hardness and tensile strength of SS400 Steel
研究了焊缝形状变化对ss400钢焊接过程中显微组织、硬度和抗拉强度的影响
本研究的目的是研究坡口焊缝类型对保护金属电弧焊焊接接头物理力学特性的影响。焊接过程使周围金属发生热循环,进而产生金相变化、变形和热应力。由于这些结构的变化,机械特性也会发生变化。本研究采用实验方法,研究人员用含碳量为0.1%的低碳钢SS400进行X、V和½V坡口焊型对接焊接,然后测试显微组织、硬度和抗拉强度。根据研究结果,显微组织测试结果表明,焊接后铁素体和珠光体的针状组织得到改善。在原料中,铁素体的晶界组织分布均匀。焊接结果的硬度值表明了不同程度的暴力。V型试样硬度最高,为248,6 VHN,½V型试样硬度为233,7 VHN, X型试样硬度为228,6 VHN,而原材料硬度值为200,58 VHN。焊接结果上的抗拉强度值表明存在差异。V型试样的抗拉强度最高,分别为430、97 MPa和应变18,11%;½V型试样的抗拉强度最高,分别为419、93 MPa和应变15,52%;X型试样的抗拉强度平均值分别为414,88 MPa和应变14,92%;研究表明,坡口焊接方式的改变改变了SS400钢的显微组织,影响了钢的硬度和抗拉强度
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