Analysis of Math function based controller combined with PID for solar-powered electric vehicle

Abstract

Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) powered electric vehicles (EVs)/ hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have its own advantages than single power source fed EVs/HEVs. The battery and ultracapacitor (UC) combination forms the HESS, battery always acts as the main source whereas UC full fill the auxiliary power sources requirement by supporting the battery during transient and starting period of the electric vehicle. In any HESS powered electric vehicle, smooth transition between the energy sources is the major obstacle according to the vehicle dynamics. The main aim of this work is to design a new control strategy for a smooth transition between the energy sources in HESS. Four math functions are taken and programmed individually based on the speed of an electric motor termed as Math Function Based (MFB) controller, thereafter the designed MFB controller is combined with conventional Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller to achieve the main objective of this work, and the combination MFB plus PID called as a hybrid controller. The MFB controller always regulates the pulse signal generated by the PID controller to the Bidirectional converter (BDC) as well as a Unidirectional converter (UDC) according to the speed of the electric motor. In this work additionally, the solar panel is added to the electric vehicle to charge the battery during the sunlight availability timings depending upon the irradiance and temperature. The entire solar-powered electric vehicle circuit is modeled and analyzed in four modes with different loads according to the speed of an electric motor. All modes of results are discussed, presented in simulation results and discussion section.