Experimental Study on the Wall Factor for Rod-Shaped Proppant Settling in Vertical Fracture

Abstract

Hydraulic fracturing is an important technology to improve oil and gas production. In recent years, rod-shaped proppant has received increasing attention for its advantages in avoiding fracture closure and enhancing conductivity. Due to its special shape, the settling process in the fracture is more complicated than that of a spherical proppant. Accurate description of the wall factor of fracture on the settling rod-shaped proppant is pivotal in predicting the transport distance of rod-shaped proppant and improving the effect of fracturing. However, few researches have been reported about the fracture wall factor on the settling rod-shaped proppant. In this study, the transparent fracture model with different width and a high-speed camera were used to record the settling process of the rod-shaped proppant in the fracture. A total of 215 tests were carried out to analyze the effects of fluid properties, the equivalent dimensionless diameter, sphericity, and Reynolds number on the wall factor, involving the ranges of the equivalent dimensionless diameter and the particle Reynolds number are 0.03 to 1.47 and 0.03–1354.14, respectively. The settling processes of rod-shaped proppant under horizontal and vertical states were studied, and two wall factor models for the two states were established, respectively. The results show that the wall factor is a function of both the equivalent dimensionless diameter and Reynolds number. Finally, the prediction models of wall factor with the prediction error of 1.70 and 4.44% are established for these two Reynolds number regions, respectively. The results of this study can further improve the performance of rod-shaped proppant in hydraulic fracturing.