MODERN PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY IN THE LIGHT OF A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH

Abstract

INTRODUCTION The philosophy of history is based on the ability to see, understand, and explain the totality of history through abstract thinking in the form of philosophical reflection. Philosophical abstractions differ from the abstractions of other sciences in their versatility, reflectivity, ability to penetrate into the basis of things and phenomena of the world. They are, as M. Heidegger emphasized, “aimed at the whole, where man utters the last clarity and leads the last dispute” 1 . Abstractions – a form of being aware of the philosophy of history – are of different levels of generalization. The higher the level at which the philosopher reaches, the more abstract becomes the historical reality. Abstractions of the philosophy of history have many different forms of expression, often from the point of view of historical science are completely inadequate to the essence of the historical process and methodology of its knowledge. From the point of view of the philosophy of history, the Idea of History can be found in a wide variety of segments of objective (or subjective) reality, as well as in the field of mythological and esoteric knowledge. E. Eisenstadt proposes his own concept of axial time, which establishes a special kind of connection between the transcendental and terrestrial worlds, which requires the restructuring of the earthly order of things in accordance with the notions of the transcendental 2 . While respecting the