Titmuss, Therborn ve Andersen’in Sosyal Devlet Modellerinin İncelenmesi

Abstract

States have been affected by many situations, such as the agricultural revolution and the industrial revolution throughout history, socially, economically, and politically. This situation has affected and transformed the management models applied by the states. At this point, following the industrial revolution, after the 1929 economic crisis, the states revealed the concept of the social state by changing their administration and political structure. The social state period, especially with the spread from the beginning of the 20th century. It is the period in which countries provide intensive welfare services in the process called the "Golden Age" until the 1970s after World War II. Countries have different degrees of implementation of these welfare services, stemming from the structure and ideology of each state. This difference has revealed the formation of different social welfare regimes in each country and various social state models that make their classifications. This research is very important in terms of revealing which country is included in which social state regime and important developments in the political, economic, and social fields in the 20th century by analyzing the three social state models that reflect the diversity and classification of social welfare services in each country. The main purpose of the research is to compare and analyze the three social state models, to add a new dimension to the understanding of the social state, to emphasize the differences in the social welfare services of the countries, and to draw attention to the approaches of the social state models classified according to these differences. To examine different social state models, a detailed literature review method was used by examining books and articles about the relevant researchers. With the information obtained, especially Titmuss, Therborn, and Andersen's social state models were analyzed. In this context, it is emphasized that each of them makes different classifications according to their different approaches, and each country is included in a different social state model. When each welfare state model is examined, Titmuss classifies it as residual welfare, industrial welfare, and institutional-redistribution welfare, while Therborn classifies it by considering the level of social rights offered by the welfare state and its approach to the labor market and full employment. Andersen's classification is the most extensive and detailed social state approach among the models, and he has classified it according to criteria such as the institutionalization of social rights and the exclusion of basic needs from the market. In addition, Andersen showed its difference from other researchers by including a new classification called decommodification. As a result, Andersen's model has a broader understanding of welfare state and has been seen to classify welfare states more comprehensively compared to other models in classifying welfare states. The fact that Tismuss, Therborn, and Andersen each put forward different approaches to the welfare state and create models means that the ideology and political approach of each welfare state can be better understood.