The effect of orthodontic treatment on the periodontal tissues

Abstract

INTRODUCTION Reduced periodontal support is a challenge that clinicians often face during rehabilitation of compromised dentition. The close and intricate relationship between the periodontal tissues and the processes of tooth movement suggest that adjunct orthodontic therapy may play an important role in overcoming these problems. On the other hand, excessive movement of teeth beyond the anatomic boundaries of the alveolar process is commonly believed to contribute to further destruction of the periodontal tissues PURPOSE: To highlight the importance the periodontium health and root of the tooth during the orthodontic treatment METHOD: A literature review for the last five years was performed, with keywords such as: orthodontic appliances, healthy periodontium, recessions, systemic reviews. RESULTS: Root resorption can be observed during the orthodontic treatment which can follow up to tooth mobility as well as losing the tooth due to the treatment CONCLUSIONS: The correction of some orthodontic problems, such as excessively tipped molars, traumatic deep-bites and flared and spaced incisors, maybe particularly beneficial in periodontally compromised patients who are motivated to undergo treatment and demonstrate stable periodontal conditions. However, several factors may contribute to a harmful periodontal response including the use of heavy forces, inappropriate force systems and poor oral hygiene. Excessive and unrealistic tooth movements are also likely to result in reduced alveolar bone thickness, especially in patients with thin cortical plates. On the other hand, the response of the soft tissues is less predictable and likely to be influenced by multiple factors.