Armia Krajowa na Kresach Północno-Wschodnich II Rzeczypospolitej a partyzantka żydowska

M. Iwanow
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Abstract

THE HOME ARMY IN THE NORTH-EASTERN BORDERLANDS OF THE SECOND POLISH REPUBLIC AND JEWISH PARTISANS The main impetus for the participation of Jews in the Soviet partisan movement was the German terror aimed at the total destruction of the Jewish populace. For many Jews, joining Soviet partisan units was the only way of rescue. Several dozen Jewish partisan units fought in the forests of Belarus. At the beginning of 1944, in the Baranów district, Jews constituted 12% of the total number of 8,492 Soviet partisans. In the Lidzki region, where 4,892 partisans operated, 28% of them were Jews. In total, throughout the Belarus Socialist Soviet Republic, Jewish partisans constituted about 5.7% of Soviet units, according to official statistics. It is estimated that over 20,000 Jews fought in Soviet partisan units. However, the share of Jews in the leadership positions was much greater. According to incomplete data, 134 people of Jewish origin held the positions of commanders, commissars and chiefs of staff in partisan units and brigades. The participation of Jews was also significant in the propaganda apparatus of the Soviet partisan movement (they were editors of newspapers and other underground partisan publications). Jews in Soviet partisan units found themselves in the middle of a guerrilla war between the Home Army and the Soviet partisans in the forests of Belarus. It was an armed conflict caused mainly by the German Holocaust policy and the Soviet destruction of all signs of Polish national life in the borderlands. This war was based on the principle: “the enemy of my enemy is my ally”, and was full of mutual crimes. Both Jews and Poles fell victim to the deadly struggle between two powerful totalitarian regimes: the Soviet and the German ones. They were, however, victims of unequal status. For Jews, losing this fight meant extermination, for Poles – a military-political defeat and loss of sovereignty.
波兰第二共和国东北边境地区的本土军队和犹太游击队犹太人参加苏联游击队运动的主要动力是德国的恐怖活动,目的是彻底毁灭犹太人口。对许多犹太人来说,加入苏联游击队是唯一的出路。几十个犹太游击队在白俄罗斯的森林里作战。1944年初,在Baranów地区,犹太人占8492名苏联游击队员总数的12%。在利兹基地区,有4892名游击队员,其中28%是犹太人。根据官方统计,在整个白俄罗斯苏维埃社会主义共和国,犹太游击队员占苏维埃部队的5.7%。据估计,有超过20,000名犹太人在苏联游击队中作战。然而,犹太人担任领导职务的比例要大得多。根据不完全的资料,有134名犹太血统的人担任游击部队和旅的指挥官、政委和参谋长。犹太人在苏联党派运动的宣传机构中的参与也很重要(他们是报纸和其他地下党派出版物的编辑)。苏联游击队中的犹太人在白俄罗斯的森林里发现自己置身于家乡军和苏联游击队之间的游击战之中。这是一场主要由德国大屠杀政策和苏联在边境地区摧毁波兰民族生活的所有迹象引起的武装冲突。这场战争基于“敌人的敌人就是我的盟友”的原则,充满了相互犯罪。犹太人和波兰人都是苏联和德国这两个强大的极权主义政权之间致命斗争的受害者。然而,她们是地位不平等的受害者。对犹太人来说,输掉这场战斗意味着灭绝,对波兰人来说,这是军事政治上的失败和主权的丧失。
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