Research on Quantum Computing Technology and Application

Abstract

Quantum computing is a novelty type of calculation mode that follows the rules of quantum mechanics regulating quantum information units. The general theoretical model of a quantum computer is a universal Turing machine that is reinterpreted by using the laws of quantum mechanics. Quantum computing can greatly improve the computational efficiency through the principle of quantum superposition, which is widely used in artificial intelligence (AI), accurate weather forecast, traffic congestion management and other fields. In the past 10 years, quantum computing has been increasing in technology, the number of products and the scale of industry. This paper will introduce the history, concepts, current research status, main technology and applications of quantum computing, and the development trends of quantum computing will be presented. Introduction For most of computing history, the foundational hardware technology has been binary digital transistor logic. In such digital systems, data and programs are encoded into binary digits (bits) based on two states: on and off. The field of quantum computing introduces a whole new approach to the underlying computing hardware by shifting from simple binary (two-state) logic to a more powerful multi-state logic using a new notion of bit, known as “quantum bits” or “qubits” which are represented by quantum as superposition and entanglement[1]. This shift from a binary digital representation found in today’s conventional computers to a quantum digital representation in tomorrow’s computers will bring huge increases in computing power and new, innovative software that handles today’s hugely complex distributed computational problems and provides more powerful analysis of today’s complex data patterns [2]. Quantum computing holds the potential to revolutionize fields from chemistry and logistics to finance and physics. However, the increase in power and capability that quantum computing will provide, will also be seen as a dire threat because it can easily defeat today’s encryption mechanisms, which have all been built using pre-quantum computing approaches. As strong as today’s encryption mechanisms have been, they wouldn’t stand a chance against a quantum computing-based attack. This widely known risk associated with the power of quantum computing is very concerning for governments, institutions and individuals whose encrypted files are safe today, but may not be in 10-20 years when quantum computing takes off [8]. This paper will provide the history of quantum computing and its concepts. it will summarize the current research status, main technology and applications of quantum computing, as well as summarize the development trend associated with quantum computing. Basic Concepts of Quantum Computing Definition Quantum computing is a fresh type of calculation mode that follows the rules of quantum mechanics regulating quantum information units. Quantum computing is a kind of parallel computing, which takes entangled quantum states as the carrier of information transmission, and uses the linear superposition principle of quantum states to complete the parallel computing and ultimately get the required information. Quantum computers have very high parallel computing power, which can be International Conference on Modeling, Analysis, Simulation Technologies and Applications (MASTA 2019) Copyright © 2019, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Advances in Intelligent Systems Research, volume 168