{"title":"Aplikasi Biochar Kulit Buah Kakao pada Tanah Lempung Liat Berpasir: Sifat Fisik Tanah dan Hasil Jagung","authors":"N. L. Nurida, Muchtar Muchtar","doi":"10.21082/JTI.V44N2.2020.117-127","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Abstrak. Biochar mempunyai struktur yang sangat porous, ketika diberikan ke dalam tanah mampu mempengaruhi sifat fisik tanah. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menguji aplikasi biochar kulit buah kakao, kapur dan abu biochar (hasil pembakaran lebih lanjut dari biochar) terhadap perbaikan sifat fisik tanah dan hasil jagung di lahan kering dengan tekstur lempung liat berpasir. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama tiga musim tanam dari bulan Pebruari 2016 hingga Pebruari 2017 dengan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) empat ulangan, dengan perlakuan: 1) kontrol; 2) biochar 15 t ha -1 ; 3) kapur 6 t ha -1 ; 4) abu setara biochar 15 t ha -1 ; 5) biochar 7,5 t ha -1 + kapur 3 t ha -1 , dan 6) biochar 15 t ha -1 dicuci. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa selama tiga musim tanam, Bulk Density (BD) tanah yang diberi biochar 15 t ha -1 baik dicuci maupun tidak, nyata lebih rendah (1,05-1,11 g cm -3 ) dibandingkan kontrol (1,10-1,21 g cm -3 ), sebaliknya BD tanah yang diberi abu konsisten meningkat hingga musim tanam ketiga. Pori air tersedia meningkat secara signifikan dengan pemberian biochar. Peningkatan kemampuan memegang air meningkat pada musim ketiga pada tanah yang diberi amelioran biochar. Selama tiga musim tanam, tanah yang diberi abu setara biochar 15 t ha -1 secara konsisten mempunyai ruang pori total yang rendah dan BD yang paling tinggi. Aplikasi biochar 15 t ha -1 dan abu setara biochar 15 t ha -1 mampu meningkatkan hasil pipilan jagung menjadi 7,24-11,43 t ha -1 dibandingkan kontrol (6,11-7,25 t ha -1 ) dan efek residunya mampu bertahan hingga tiga musim tanam. Abstract. Biochar has a very porous structure and it affects various soil physical properties. The objective of study was to evaluate the application of biochar, lime and ash to improve soil physical properties and maize yield in upland with sandy clay loam texture. The study was conducted at the research station of Indonesian Soil Research Institute, East Lampung for three seasons from February 2016 to February 2017. We used a randomized block design with four replication. Treatments are: 1) control, 2) biochar 15 t ha -1 , 3) lime 6 t ha -1 , 4) ash 15 t ha -1 , 5) biochar 7.5 t ha -1 + lime 3 t ha -1 , and 6) washed biochar 15 t ha -1 . The results showed that during three seasons, application of biochar 15 t ha -1 (with and without washed) significantly reduced BD (1.08-1.09 g cm -3 ) but the ash application consistently increased BD. During the three seasons, the water holding capacity increased by applying biochar in various forms (biochar, ash or washed biochar) but the same did not show in lime application. The ash addition 15 t ha -1 consistently had low total soil porosity and high BD. Both application of biochar of 15 t ha -1 and ash of 15 t ha -1 increased maize yield (7,24-11,43 t ha -1 ) compared to control (6,11-7,25 t ha -1 ) and the residual effects lasted for three cropping seasons.","PeriodicalId":165570,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2020-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"4","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.21082/JTI.V44N2.2020.117-127","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Abstract
Abstrak. Biochar mempunyai struktur yang sangat porous, ketika diberikan ke dalam tanah mampu mempengaruhi sifat fisik tanah. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menguji aplikasi biochar kulit buah kakao, kapur dan abu biochar (hasil pembakaran lebih lanjut dari biochar) terhadap perbaikan sifat fisik tanah dan hasil jagung di lahan kering dengan tekstur lempung liat berpasir. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama tiga musim tanam dari bulan Pebruari 2016 hingga Pebruari 2017 dengan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) empat ulangan, dengan perlakuan: 1) kontrol; 2) biochar 15 t ha -1 ; 3) kapur 6 t ha -1 ; 4) abu setara biochar 15 t ha -1 ; 5) biochar 7,5 t ha -1 + kapur 3 t ha -1 , dan 6) biochar 15 t ha -1 dicuci. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa selama tiga musim tanam, Bulk Density (BD) tanah yang diberi biochar 15 t ha -1 baik dicuci maupun tidak, nyata lebih rendah (1,05-1,11 g cm -3 ) dibandingkan kontrol (1,10-1,21 g cm -3 ), sebaliknya BD tanah yang diberi abu konsisten meningkat hingga musim tanam ketiga. Pori air tersedia meningkat secara signifikan dengan pemberian biochar. Peningkatan kemampuan memegang air meningkat pada musim ketiga pada tanah yang diberi amelioran biochar. Selama tiga musim tanam, tanah yang diberi abu setara biochar 15 t ha -1 secara konsisten mempunyai ruang pori total yang rendah dan BD yang paling tinggi. Aplikasi biochar 15 t ha -1 dan abu setara biochar 15 t ha -1 mampu meningkatkan hasil pipilan jagung menjadi 7,24-11,43 t ha -1 dibandingkan kontrol (6,11-7,25 t ha -1 ) dan efek residunya mampu bertahan hingga tiga musim tanam. Abstract. Biochar has a very porous structure and it affects various soil physical properties. The objective of study was to evaluate the application of biochar, lime and ash to improve soil physical properties and maize yield in upland with sandy clay loam texture. The study was conducted at the research station of Indonesian Soil Research Institute, East Lampung for three seasons from February 2016 to February 2017. We used a randomized block design with four replication. Treatments are: 1) control, 2) biochar 15 t ha -1 , 3) lime 6 t ha -1 , 4) ash 15 t ha -1 , 5) biochar 7.5 t ha -1 + lime 3 t ha -1 , and 6) washed biochar 15 t ha -1 . The results showed that during three seasons, application of biochar 15 t ha -1 (with and without washed) significantly reduced BD (1.08-1.09 g cm -3 ) but the ash application consistently increased BD. During the three seasons, the water holding capacity increased by applying biochar in various forms (biochar, ash or washed biochar) but the same did not show in lime application. The ash addition 15 t ha -1 consistently had low total soil porosity and high BD. Both application of biochar of 15 t ha -1 and ash of 15 t ha -1 increased maize yield (7,24-11,43 t ha -1 ) compared to control (6,11-7,25 t ha -1 ) and the residual effects lasted for three cropping seasons.
抽象。生物化学有高度流动的结构,一旦进入土壤,就会影响土壤的物理性质。研究的目的是测试可可豆皮肤的生物化学、石灰和阿布生物化学(进一步燃烧的生物化学物质)应用程序,以改善土壤的生理特性和粘土纹理沙质土壤中的玉米产量。该研究采用了由2016年2月到2017年2月的随机分组设计(货架)四次重复,采用:1)控制;2)生物电话15 t - ha -1;3)石灰6 t - ha -1;灰等于生物炭15 t - ha -1;5)生物车7.5 t - ha -1 +石灰3 t - ha -1, 6)生物车15 t - ha -1洗净。研究表明,在三季种植期间,生物恰尔15 t -1 t可获得的水孔随着生物链的提供显著增加。第三季,土地生物测定法的持水量增加。在种植的三个季节里,撒下相当于生物炭的土壤15 t - ha -1一直拥有最多的多孔空间和最多的BD。biochar 15 t - ha -1和abu相当于biochar 15 t -1可以将玉米的产量增加到7.24 - 11.43 t -1,而控制系统(6,11-7,25 t - ha -1)的剩余影响可以持续三个生长季节。抽象。生物特征具有非常不稳定的特性,它影响了品种物理特性。研究的对象是评估生物char, lime和ash在sandy clay loam texture的upland植入的生物char, lime和ash的应用。这份研究是2016年2月至2017年2月,印尼南榜东三个月研究中心的负责人。我们用了一个带有四种复制品的分布式积木。测试是1)控制,2)biochar 15 t ha -1, 3) lime 6 t ha -1, 4) ash 15 t ha -1during The results那里那三个季节的,应用程序和和没有washed biochar 15 ha - 1 (t) significantly reduced 08-1 BD(1。09 g cm - 3),但《阿什应用程序consistently increased BD during。《水持有三个季节,capacity increased by applying biochar在不同forms (biochar,阿什或washed biochar),但不变不是秀》和lime应用程序了。《阿什加法,15 t ha - 1 consistently总共有低的土地porosity和高BD。两者应用程序of biochar of t t ha - 1 and ash of 15哈哈迷宫increased收益(7,24-11,43 t - 1 - 1) compared to control (6,11-7,25 t ha - 1)和《残留影响lasted for三个cropping四季。