Investigating chaos in ozone layer depletion at Pakistan air space

Abstract

Phenomena like, atmospheric pollution, temperature variability, global warming, or ozone layer depletion (OLD) may be analyzed for forecasts etc. by solving the primitive dynamic equations along with the continuity and energy ones. The environmental variables actually observed are the consequences of thousand of events, some of which may be poorly defined or imperfectly understood. However, such atmospheric models of meteorological phenomena are simplistic in their nature, in the sense of largely hiding the character of nature as it ‘really’ is. This failure of reaching an exact solution and the fact that environmental phenomena nearly always include random components prompt us to leave the purely deterministic approach and invoke instead pseudo-randomness or randomness (stochasticity).