Remote sensing for monitoring of fields in precision farming

Abstract

The relevance of the study is determined by the need to move to precision farming due to the lack of land resources and the increasing population of the Earth. The article describes the sequence of work for the transition to precision farming based on geographic information systems, global positioning systems and field monitoring using remote sensing. The sequence of work is as follows: firstly, initial survey of the fields and the sections of the fields, drawing up a map of the fields, and assessing the features of the fields are carried out; the second step – the selection of crops and sowing with the help of smart agricultural machinery; the third – monitoring the fields using satellite images and images obtained from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). At this stage, seedlings are analyzed for possible secondary crops, together with the analysis of soil moisture and watering, and also application of fertilizers and pesticides. After that, the readiness of the crop for harvesting, and a preliminary forecast of the yield is analyzed as well. After harvesting, the crop is estimated by fields and yield maps are compiled, and the following crops are planned taking into account the crop rotation. The article concludes that it is expedient to use airborne multispectral and hyperspectral images for monitoring agricultural fields, as well as for assessing and mapping yield variability within a field for precision farming.