Colorectal surgery

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Abstract

Chapter 34 provides an overview of the principles of colorectal surgery, and the common pathologies relevant to the speciality including colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, hernias, and perianal pathology. In addition, the acute abdomen, acute appendicitis, bowel obstruction, and acute diverticulitis are covered. Key investigations, operations, and procedures to see are summarized and include appendicectomy, colectomy, abdominoperineal resection, stoma, hernia repair, and the numerous investigations used in the context of an acute abdomen. Key knowledge and clinical skills relevant to colorectal surgery clinics are summarized with a particular emphasis on colorectal cancer, risk factors, symptoms/presentation, imaging studies, staging, and management. Inflammatory bowel disease may necessitate surgical intervention and the common acute and chronic presentations are summarized. The classification of abdominal wall hernias is outlined and key anatomical landmarks on clinical examination are illustrated. A list of differential diagnoses of groin lumps is presented with key investigations to differentiate them. Diverticular disease, haemorrhoids, anal fissures, rectal prolapse, and pilonidal disease are common and the clinical presentation, investigation, and management of each of these is outlined. Digital rectal examination is a key clinical skill in surgery and the steps involved are summarized. The anatomical approach to colorectal surgery is outlined and common approaches to the surgical management of appendicitis, hernia repair, hemicolectomy, primary anastomosis, and stoma surgery are presented. Mnemonics for recall of key anatomical landmarks are provided. Postoperative complications are outlined together with the approaches to management. An approach to assessment and management of the acute abdomen is outlined. Finally, key OSCE and examination topics relevant to colorectal surgery are outlined including stoma and hernia examination.
结直肠手术
第34章概述了结直肠外科的原理,以及与该专业相关的常见病理,包括结直肠癌、炎症性肠病、疝气和肛周病理。此外,急腹症、急性阑尾炎、肠梗阻和急性憩室炎也包括在内。总结了主要的检查、手术和手术步骤,包括阑尾切除术、结肠切除术、腹会阴切除术、造口术、疝修补术以及在急腹症背景下使用的大量检查。总结结直肠外科临床相关的关键知识和临床技能,特别强调结直肠癌,危险因素,症状/表现,影像学研究,分期和管理。炎症性肠病可能需要手术干预,并总结了常见的急性和慢性表现。本文概述了腹壁疝的分类,并说明了临床检查中的关键解剖标志。腹股沟肿块的鉴别诊断列表提出了关键的调查,以区分他们。憩室疾病、痔疮、肛裂、直肠脱垂和毛突疾病是常见的,本文概述了每一种疾病的临床表现、调查和治疗。直肠指检是外科手术中一项重要的临床技能,本文对其步骤进行了总结。结直肠手术的解剖入路被概述,阑尾炎、疝修补、结肠切除术、初级吻合和造口手术的常见手术方法被提出。提供了记忆关键解剖标志的助记符。本文概述了术后并发症及处理方法。一种方法来评估和管理急腹症概述。最后,概述了与结直肠手术相关的关键OSCE和检查主题,包括瘘和疝气检查。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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