The Formation of a Unified Labor School in Russia 1918–1922 (Based on the Materials of the State Archive of the Kursk Region)

Marina V. Solovyanova
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Abstract

The relevance of the study is to show the positive experience of the formation of a labor school in Russia. It has a theoretical and practical orientation, because, firstly, this issue has not been thoroughly investigated before and, secondly, the modern school has obvious problems with the organization of labor education. The positive experience of training and labor education in 1918-1922 will allow us to find a solution to today's problems. The purpose of the article is to study the formation of the unified labor school of Kursk province in accordance with the Regulations on the unified labor school and the Basic Principles of the unified labor school. The objectives follow from the purpose of the article and are to reveal the historical conditions of the formation of a unified labor school after October 1917, to characterize the labor method of education, to analyze the organization of the training system in a unified labor school in accordance with the normative documents of the Soviet government. Methodology. The work is based on methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as historical-comparative, his-torical-legal, historical-pedagogical methods. Results. Kursk province, with the advent of Soviet power, actively joined in large-scale changes in the field of education. During the construction of the education system from a "clean slate", there were many problems associated with the devastation and famine in the conditions of the civil war and the policy of war communism. One of the main methods of training was the labor method. The organization of work in the school was built according to the individual characteristics and age of students. Conditions for agricultural work were created at schools. Conclusions. The experience of creating and operating a unified labor school had a positive result. The principles of the labor school laid down in the first years of Soviet power expanded in subsequent years. Labor has firmly entered the system of values of Soviet schoolchildren. The positive experience of education and upbringing in 1918-1922 is still relevant today.
俄国统一劳动学校的形成(1918-1922)(基于库尔斯克地区国家档案馆资料)
本研究的意义在于展示俄罗斯劳动学校形成的积极经验。首先,这一问题的研究还不够深入;其次,现代学校在劳动教育的组织方面存在着明显的问题。1918-1922年培训和劳动教育的积极经验将使我们找到解决今天问题的办法。本文的目的是根据《统一劳动学校条例》和《统一劳动学校基本原则》,对库尔斯克省统一劳动学校的组建进行研究。本文的目的是揭示1917年10月以后统一劳动学校形成的历史条件,刻画劳动教育方法,根据苏维埃政府的规范性文件分析统一劳动学校的培训体系组织。方法。这项工作是基于分析和综合的方法,以及历史-比较,历史-历史-法律,历史-教学方法。结果。库尔斯克省随着苏维埃政权的到来,积极参与了教育领域的大规模变革。在从零开始建设教育系统的过程中,在内战和战时共产主义政策的条件下,存在着许多与破坏和饥荒有关的问题。训练的主要方法之一是劳动法。学校的工作组织是根据学生的个性特点和年龄来建立的。学校为农业工作创造了条件。结论。创建和经营统一劳动学校的经验取得了积极的效果。在苏维埃政权的头几年里确立的劳动学校的原则在随后的几年里得到了扩展。工党已经牢牢地进入了苏联学童的价值观体系。1918年至1922年的教育和成长的积极经验今天仍然相关。
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