The Chancellorsville Campaign

C. Keller
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Abstract

The Chancellorsville Campaign of early May 1863 was one of the most strategic military operations in any theater of the American Civil War. Union Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker and his powerful Army of the Potomac were miraculously defeated by the outnumbered Confederate Army of Northern Virginia under the leadership of Gen. Robert E. Lee and Lt. Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson. In a daring flank march and attack, the Rebels crushed the federal Eleventh Corps on May 2 and over the next several days hammered the rest of Hooker’s army back across the Rappahannock River. Northern morale sank, Copperheads gained momentum, and German Americans, feeling the sting of nativism, began to question their role in the Union. The initiative in the East once again passed to the South, creating conditions for what became the Pennsylvania Campaign. But Jackson, wounded accidentally by his own men, died, destroying the fragile command team Lee had carefully built over the previous year. His loss was a turning point in the war.
钱瑟勒斯维尔战役
1863年5月初的钱瑟勒斯维尔战役是美国内战中最具战略意义的军事行动之一。联邦军少将约瑟夫·胡克和他强大的波多马克军团奇迹般地被罗伯特·e·李将军和托马斯·j·“石墙”·杰克逊中将领导的寡不敌众的北弗吉尼亚联盟军击败。在一次大胆的侧翼行军和攻击中,起义军在5月2日击溃了联邦第11军,并在接下来的几天里将胡克的其余军队击退到拉帕汉诺克河对岸。北方士气低落,铜头党势头高涨,德裔美国人感受到了本土主义的刺痛,开始质疑他们在联邦中的角色。东部的主动权再次转移到南方,为后来的宾夕法尼亚战役创造了条件。但是,杰克逊被自己的手下意外打伤,死亡,摧毁了李在前一年精心建立的脆弱的指挥团队。他的损失是战争的转折点。
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