Pre- and Post-Tsunami Depth Changes of Submarine Topography for the Analysis of Submarine Landslide-Induced Tsunami: Proposal of Digitization Method and Application to the Case of the 1923 Great Kanto Earthquake Tsunamis

Kazuki Murata, S. Sassa, T. Takagawa, T. Ebisuzaki, S. Maruyama
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Abstract

We first propose and examine a method for digitizing analog data of submarine topography by focusing on the seafloor survey records available in the literature to facilitate a detailed analysis of submarine landslides and landslide-induced tsunamis. Second, we apply this digitization method to the seafloor topographic changes recorded before and after the 1923 Great Kanto earthquake tsunami event and evaluate its effectiveness. Third, we discuss the coseismic large-scale seafloor deformation at the Sagami Bay and the mouth of the Tokyo Bay, Japan. The results confirmed that the latitude / longitude and water depth values recorded by the lead sounding measurement method can be approximately extracted from the sea depth coordinates by triangulation survey through the overlaying of the currently available GIS map data without geometric correction such as affine transformation. Further, this proposed method allows us to obtain mesh data of depth changes in the sea area by using the interpolation method based on the IDW (Inverse Distance Weighted) average method through its application to the case of the 1923 Great Kanto Earthquake. Finally, we analyzed and compared the submarine topography before and after the 1923 tsunami event and the current seabed topography. Consequently, we found that these large-scale depth changes correspond to the valley lines that flow down as the topography of the Sagami Bay and the Tokyo Bay mouth.
用于分析海底滑坡海啸的海啸前后海底地形深度变化:数字化方法的提出及其在1923年关东大地震海啸中的应用
我们首先提出并研究了一种数字化海底地形模拟数据的方法,通过关注文献中可用的海底调查记录,以促进对海底滑坡和滑坡引发的海啸的详细分析。其次,将该方法应用于1923年关东大地震海啸事件前后记录的海底地形变化,并对其有效性进行了评价。第三,讨论了日本相模湾和东京湾口的同震大尺度海底变形。结果证实,在不需要仿射变换等几何校正的情况下,通过对现有GIS地图数据的叠加,可以通过三角测量法从水深坐标中近似提取出导联测深法记录的经纬度和水深值。此外,通过对1923年关东大地震的应用,利用基于IDW(逆距离加权)平均法的插值方法,可以获得海区深度变化的网格数据。最后,对1923年海啸发生前后的海底地形与目前的海底地形进行了分析和比较。因此,我们发现这些大规模的深度变化与相模湾和东京湾口的地形相对应。
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