Kutbüddîn Şîrâzî’nin İşrâkî Felsefesinde Meşşâî Geleneğin Yeri

Abstract

The aim of this study is to determine the place of the Peripatetic tradition in the Illuminist philosophy of Qutb al-Dîn al-Shîrâzî (d. 710/1311), an important scholar and philosopher of the 13 th century known for his expertise in many fields. Shîrâzî wrote remarkable works on most of the sciences he learned and owes his real fame as a philosopher to the commentary titled Sharh Hikmat al-ishrâq , written on Suhrawardî’s (d. 587/1191) Hikmat al-ishrâq . Due to this work he’d written and the light-based emanation cosmology he adopted in it, Shîrâzî’s philosophy was generally identified with the Ishraqi/Illuminist school in the tradition of Islamic philosophy. However, Shîrâzî’s philosophy was versatile and unique with its different views. The Peripatetic school was another school that found a place both in the education and views of Shîrâzî, who succeeded at being the second most- referenced source after Suhrawardî. Shîrâzî criticized Aristotle (384-322 BC) and his followers, who were known as Peripatetics, because of their methods and the deficiencies he saw regarding some points. According to Shîrâzî, the Peripatetics were deprived of the argument of Illuminism by rejecting zevk [pleasure] and keshf [discovery] and relying entirely on demonstration and bahs [research]. Although Shîrâzî criticized the Peripatetics, he both benefited from them and used peripatetic terminology when necessary. Among the Peripatetics, Avicenna (d. 428/1037) was the philosopher Shîrâzî bestbenefited upon. This study reveals what share the Peripatetic philosophy had Shîrâzî’s Illuminist philosophy.. ABSTRACT The subject of this study is the place the Peripatetic tradition had in the philosophy of the Illuminist philosopher Qutb al-Dîn al-Shîrâzî. Shîrâzî was an Iranian philosopher born in 634 AH/1236 AD in Shîraz who belonged to a mystic family known for its distinguished physicians. Shîrâzî spent his childhood and youth in the city of Shîraz in Iran and left when he was 24 years old. He spent around 21 years of his life in Anatolia, where the Seljuks ruled under the yoke of the Ilkhanate. Shîrâzî performed various duties such as ambassador and judge and also attended classes and gave lectures while in Anatolia. He was appreciated and protected by the Anatolian Seljuks of the 13 th century with his scientific personality and the duties he assumed. Shîrâzî is considered an important philosopher of that period and is among the scholars who’ve maintained their importance to the present with his knowledge of many branches of science and the works he left on these branches in addition to philosophy. These branches involve secular sciences such as medicine, astronomy, mathematics, optics, geography, physics, linguistics, music, and logic as well as religious sciences such as mysticism, tafsir, hadith, and fiqh.