Structure and Properties of Dyes and Pigments

Ajay Kumar, Utkarsh Dixit, Kaman Singh, Satya Prakash Gupta, Mirza S. Jamal Beg
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引用次数: 12

Abstract

Colour is one of the elements of nature that makes human life more aesthetic and fascinating in the world. Plants, animals, and minerals have been used as primary sources for colourants, dyes or pigments since ancient times. In our daily life, we know about many substances which have specific colours. These are the substances which are used as colourants i.e.; colour imparting species. Both dyes and pigments are coloured as they absorb only some wavelength of visible light. Their structures have Aryl rings that have delocalized electron systems. These structures are said to be responsible for the absorption of electromagnetic radiation that has varying wavelengths, based upon the energy of the electron clouds. Dyes are coloured organic compounds that are used to impart colour to various substrates, including paper, leather, fur, hair, drugs, cosmetics, waxes, greases, plastics and textile materials. A Dye is a coloured compound due to the presence of chromophore and its fixed property to the acid or basic groups such as OH, SO3H, NH2, NR2, etc. The polar auxochrome makes the dye water-soluble and binds the dye to the fabric by interaction with the oppositely charged groups of the fabric structure. Pigments are organic and inorganic compounds which are practically insoluble in medium in which they are incorporated. Dyes and pigments are the most important colourants used to add colour or to change the colour of something. They are widely used in the textile, pharmaceutical, food, cosmetics, plastics, paint, ink, photographic and paper industries. This chapter is devoted to the structure and properties of dyes and pigments.
染料和颜料的结构和性质
色彩是大自然的元素之一,它使人类的生活在这个世界上更有美感和迷人。自古以来,植物、动物和矿物质就被用作着色剂、染料或颜料的主要来源。在我们的日常生活中,我们知道许多具有特定颜色的物质。这些是用作着色剂的物质,即;赋予颜色的种类。染料和颜料都是有颜色的,因为它们只吸收可见光的某些波长。它们的结构有芳基环有离域电子系统。根据电子云的能量,这些结构被认为是吸收具有不同波长的电磁辐射的原因。染料是一种有色有机化合物,用于给各种基材着色,包括纸张、皮革、毛皮、头发、药品、化妆品、蜡、油脂、塑料和纺织材料。染料是由于发色团的存在及其对酸性或碱性基团(如OH、SO3H、NH2、NR2等)的固定性质而形成的有色化合物。极性氧化色素使染料可溶于水,并通过与织物结构中带相反电荷的基团相互作用使染料与织物结合。颜料是有机和无机的化合物,几乎不溶于掺入颜料的介质。染料和颜料是用来增加颜色或改变颜色的最重要的着色剂。广泛应用于纺织、医药、食品、化妆品、塑料、油漆、油墨、摄影、造纸等行业。本章主要介绍染料和颜料的结构和性质。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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