PENDUGAAN KERAGAMAN GENETIK DAN HERITABILITAS MUTAN PADI HITAM (Oryza sativa L.) GENERASI M2 HASIL IRADIASI SINAR GAMMA

Dewi Mirantika, S. Nurhidayah, N. Nasrudin, S. Rahayu
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Abstract

The low productivity and long harvesting period of local black rice causes this plant to be rarely cultivated by farmers in Indonesia. One way to increase the genetic diversity of black rice is by using gamma ray irradiation. This study aims to determine the genetic diversity and heritability value of M2 generation black rice resulting from gamma-ray irradiation. The research was conducted in February - June 2021 at the Screenhouse Universitas Perjuangan Tasikmalaya. The genetic material used was black rice M2 generation resulting from gamma ray irradiation with doses 200 gy and PH5 as a control. The research was conducted in 2 experimental stages. The first experiment was in the nursery where M2 seeds were planted with 1000 seeds and 200 seeds for the control. In the second study, the M2 generation black rice mutant was planted with 250 seedlings without replication and the control 10 plants were repeated three times. The results showed that there was a chlorophyll mutation in the M2 generation lines which produced color variations including albino 0.5%, xantha 42%, viridis 5%, tigrina 0.5%, normal 52% at 21 HSS. The survival ability of the black rice mutant was smaller than that of the control. The heritability values in the broad sense of the high category and high genetic diversity were found in the number of productive tillers, the number of total grain, and the number of empty grain. M2 generation black rice irradiated with 200 gy gamma rays was able to provide a response of longer flowering time, narrower flag leaves, lower weight per plant, less filled grain, and increased number of empty grain compared to control (PH5).
黑水稻突变体(Oryza sativa L)的遗传多样性和遗产推导。辐射伽玛产生的M2
印尼当地黑米产量低,收获期长,农民很少种植这种植物。增加黑米遗传多样性的一种方法是使用伽马射线照射。本研究旨在确定γ射线辐照后黑米M2代的遗传多样性和遗传力值。该研究于2021年2月至6月在Perjuangan Tasikmalaya Universitas Screenhouse进行。使用的遗传物质是由剂量为200 gy和PH5作为对照的伽马射线照射产生的黑米M2代。本研究分两个实验阶段进行。第一个试验在苗圃中,M2种子1000粒,对照200粒。在第二个研究中,M2代黑米突变体250株不重复种植,对照10株重复种植3次。结果表明,在21 HSS条件下,M2代发生了叶绿素突变,产生了白化0.5%、黄原42%、翠绿5%、绿绿0.5%、正常52%的颜色变异。黑米突变体的成活率低于对照。高产分蘖数、全粒数和空粒数具有高类别和高遗传多样性的广义遗传力值。与对照(PH5)相比,200 gy γ射线辐照下M2代黑米的花期延长,旗叶变窄,单株重降低,灌浆粒减少,空粒数增加。
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