Comparison of Batteries Used in Electrical Vehicles

Abstract

The electric vehicles (EVs) become very popular this day as an effect of the demand in order to reduce automobile emissions. The utilization of energy efficiency to preserve the global environment has been one of public concern. One of current interest is to provide the equipment related to efficient electric power and to reduce air pollution, especially CO2 emissions. Batteries have been the main energy source for a long time to EVs. Along with time, the technologies of different battery have been invented and adopted. The efficiency of battery is about how much power the battery can charge and discharge concerning battery capacity. The battery management system (BMS) has a crucial role in ensuring bout safety and performance of batteries. In general, there are two categories of batteries based on the ability of recharging, they are primary and secondary battery. The primary battery is type that can only be used once after being fully discharged. The secondary battery is type of battery that able to be recharged after discharging process. In EVs, it requires rechargeable battery with long cycle life, less of energy loss, high power density and sufficient safety level. Some types of batteries that used in EVs such as lithium-ion (Li-ion), lead acid, nickelcadmium (NiCd) and nickel-metal hydride (NiMH), etc. Li-ion battery becomes the most popular power supply implemented for Evs.