Behavioral modernity, evolutionary synergies, and the symbolic species

Ana Majkić
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Abstract

Many of the hallmarks of “what makes us human”—complex cognition and language, self-consciousness, and symbolic and artistic behaviors—are commonly subsumed under the term “behavioral modernity.” Several models have been proposed to account for its emergence and different ways of understanding the term itself exist. However, the concept of behavioral modernity remains elusive and difficult to define in a consistent manner. It is vulnerable to critique from a number of perspectives, both theoretically and methodologically, especially on how to recognize its expression in the archaeological record. Overview of the proposed behavioral traits and archaeological features indicate: (1) that highlighting assumptions implicit in those traits and features may allow us to avoid inconsistencies when identifying behaviorally modern populations in the archaeological record; and (2) that elaborating methods for recognizing archaeological indicators of “symbolically mediated behavior” might represent the most reliable pathway to define what constitutes “modern behavior” and identify surviving tangible expression of it in past material culture.
行为现代性、进化协同作用与象征物种
“是什么让我们成为人类”的许多特征——复杂的认知和语言、自我意识、象征和艺术行为——通常被归入“行为现代性”的范畴。已经提出了几个模型来解释它的出现,并且存在不同的理解术语本身的方法。然而,行为现代性的概念仍然难以捉摸,难以以一致的方式定义。它很容易受到从理论上和方法上的许多角度的批评,特别是关于如何认识它在考古记录中的表达。对提出的行为特征和考古特征的概述表明:(1)突出这些特征和特征中隐含的假设可以使我们在识别考古记录中的行为现代人群时避免不一致;(2)阐述识别“象征性中介行为”考古指标的方法,可能是定义“现代行为”的构成和识别其在过去物质文化中幸存的有形表达的最可靠途径。
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