Comparison between embedding on edges in spatial and frequency domains

Abstract

Practically, digital watermarking is considered as an advanced field of investigating to avoid unauthorized copying and duplication. In this paper, a comparative analysis is conducted among embedding the watermark on the edges of a cover image in two domains, spatial and frequency domains. In this work, the Sobel edge detection algorithm is used to find edges and embed the watermark on the edge in each domain using DWT and DCT. Results demonstrated that the embedding process in frequency domain is more accurate and effective than it in spatial domain. Furthermore, the use of the four bands of frequency in DWT makes embedding on edge algorithm stronger and more robust with low MSE rates averagely.