The Politics of Immiserizing Growth: Mexico in Comparative Perspective

Judith A. Teichman
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

This chapter advances a political explanation of immiserizing growth in Mexico. It identifies five episodes of economic growth in modern Mexican history during which the Indigenous population benefitted less than the general population, did not see any improvement in its level of deprivation, or experienced worsening circumstances. The chapter argues that political exclusion and unequal inclusion were the driving forces behind a long path-dependent process that occurred in conjunction with an exclusionary ethno/cultural ideology. The political process that accounts for immiserization included state actions and inactions, such as exclusion from or unequal access to state resources and services. Such actions and inactions bolstered cultural and social mechanisms of marginalization. None of the pre-1980 economic development strategies pursued by the state gave serious attention to the interests and welfare of the Indigenous population. However, the arrival of neoliberal reform and economic globalization in the form of the North American Free Trade Agreement, with its vigorous encouragement of state withdrawal, set the stage for an unprecedented level of abandonment of Indigenous welfare as even the minimal supports of the earlier era were dismantled. A comparison with the South Korea reinforces the argument regarding the impact of long historical processes and the state in creating and reinforcing social exclusion during periods of economic growth.
贫困增长的政治:比较视角下的墨西哥
这一章提出了对墨西哥贫困增长的政治解释。报告指出,在现代墨西哥历史上有五次经济增长时期,土著人口的受益程度低于一般人口,其贫困程度没有任何改善,或者情况恶化。本章认为,政治排斥和不平等的包容是与排斥性的民族/文化意识形态一起发生的长期路径依赖过程背后的驱动力。造成贫困的政治过程包括国家的作为和不作为,例如被排除在国家资源和服务之外或不平等的机会。这种行动和不行动加强了边缘化的文化和社会机制。1980年以前国家推行的经济发展战略都没有认真注意土著居民的利益和福利。然而,新自由主义改革的到来和以北美自由贸易协定(North American Free Trade Agreement)为形式的经济全球化,以及它对国家退出的大力鼓励,为放弃土著福利创造了前所未有的水平,因为早期时代的最低支持都被拆除了。与韩国的比较加强了关于长期历史进程和国家在经济增长期间创造和加强社会排斥的影响的论点。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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