Fish diversity and assemblage structure along the river-estuary continuum in the River Cauvery, India

C. M. Roshith, R. K. Manna, S. Samanta, V. Suresh, L. Kumar, S. Sibinamol, S. Sharma, A. R. Choudhury, M. Vijayakumar, B. Das
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Abstract

A comprehensive study on the fish assemblages of the River Cauvery was conducted during 2017–2020 by structured fish sampling surveys, encompassing various sampling sites situated along the upper, middle, lower, and estuarine stretches. The present study recorded a total of 146 fish species belonging to 52 families from the River Cauvery. The highest recorded fish diversity was at Hogenakkal (76 species) as it is situated in the transition zone between Deccan Plateau and the plains of Tamil Nadu. Lowest diversity was recorded at Bhagamandala (23 species), as this site represented a narrow hillstream habitat. As per SIMPER analysis, the silver razor-belly minnow (Salmostoma acinaces) was the most representative species in Upper Cauvery, with percentage similarity contribution (% SC) of 36.55%. The Middle Cauvery situated in the plateau zone was mainly represented by Labeo calbasu (14.01% SC), the exotic Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with 8.45%, and the bagrid catfish Mystus cavasius (5.1%). The exotic species contributed to maximum fish catch and gradually replaced the native fish fauna in Lower Cauvery. The fish fauna of Cauvery Estuary is distinct from other zones with a characteristic fish assemblage represented by the glassy perchlet, Ambassis miops (11.97% SC), Crenimugil buchanani (11.14 %), and Mugil cephalus (6.23 %). Among the fish species recorded during the present study, 29 species were endemic to Western Ghats, of which 10 species were categorized as threatened by the IUCN, including 2 critically endangered (Barbodes bovanicus, and Hemibagrus punctatus), 5 endangered (Dawkinsia arulius, Hypselobarbus curmuca, H. mussullah, H. micropogon, and Nemacheilus pulchellus) and 3 vulnerable species (Hypselobarbus kolus, Hyporhamphus xanthopterus, and Wallago attu). A holistic study on the fish communities of Cauvery along the spatio-temporal scale is imperative to ensure sustainable management for conservation of endemic fish fauna.
印度高韦里河河口连续体的鱼类多样性和组合结构
在2017-2020年期间,通过结构化鱼类抽样调查,对高韦里河的鱼类组合进行了全面研究,包括沿上、中、下和河口延伸的多个采样点。本研究共记录了高韦里河52科146种鱼类。记录的鱼类多样性最高的是Hogenakkal(76种),因为它位于德干高原和泰米尔纳德邦平原之间的过渡地带。Bhagamandala为狭窄的山溪生境,多样性最低(23种)。SIMPER分析结果显示,上Cauvery地区最具代表性的物种是银鱼(Salmostoma acinaces),相似度贡献率(% SC)为36.55%。位于高原地带的中游主要有拉贝鱼(Labeo calbasu)(14.01%)、外来尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)(8.45%)和绿鲶(Mystus cavasius)(5.1%)。外来鱼种对鱼的最大捕获量做出了贡献,并逐渐取代了下考弗里的本地鱼类区系。高佛里河口的鱼类区系与其他海域不同,主要有玻璃小鳍鱼(perchlet)、Ambassis miops (11.97% SC)、Crenimugil buchanani (11.14% SC)和Mugil cephalus (6.23% SC)。在本研究记录的鱼类中,西高加斯特有物种29种,其中被IUCN列为濒危物种的有10种,其中重度濒危物种2种(Barbodes bovanicus和Hemibagrus punctatus),濒危物种5种(Dawkinsia arulius、Hypselobarbus curmuca、H. mussullah、H. micropogon和Nemacheilus pulchellus),易危物种3种(Hypselobarbus kolus、hyporhaphus xanthopterus和Wallago attu)。在时空尺度上对高韦里鱼类群落进行全面研究,是保护高韦里特有鱼类区系的可持续管理的必要条件。
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