Complex Ways in Which Landscape Conditions and Risks Affect Human Attitudes Towards Wildlife

A. Muneza, Bernard Abraham Amakobe, Simon Kasaine, D. Kramer, M. Githiru, G. Roloff, MattW Hayward, R. Montgomery
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Abstract

Negative interactions between humans and wildlife (i.e. those presenting risks to human security or private property) can trigger retaliation and potential human-wildlife conflict (HWC). The nature and strength of these human responses may depend on previous interactions with wildlife and can be shaped by landscape conditions. However, the ways in which previous experiences and landscape conditions interact to shape peoples' attitudes towards wildlife are not well-understood. We conducted our study in Tsavo Conservation Area, Kenya, which experiences some of the highest rates of HWC documented in East Africa. We explored how previous experiences with wildlife and landscape conditions interact to inform the attitudes of people towards wildlife. We conducted semi-structured surveys among 331 households and fit an ordinal mixed-effects regression model to predict human attitudes to wildlife as a function of landscape conditions and previous interactions. Respondents indicated that baboons, elephants, and lions posed the greatest risks to human security and private property. Households experiencing risks from wildlife wanted wildlife populations to decrease, whereas households depending on grazing lands outside the study area wished to see wildlife increase. Our study demonstrates that human-wildlife interactions have important social and spatial contexts, and are not uniform across households in the same area owing to location of private property. Correspondingly, for interventions to be effective, we recommend considerations of local contexts and landscape conditions of communities.
景观条件和风险影响人类对野生动物态度的复杂方式
人类与野生动物之间的负面互动(即对人类安全或私有财产构成风险的互动)可能引发报复和潜在的人类与野生动物冲突(HWC)。这些人类反应的性质和强度可能取决于以前与野生动物的相互作用,并可能受到景观条件的影响。然而,以前的经历和景观条件如何相互作用,形成人们对野生动物的态度,人们还没有很好地了解。我们在肯尼亚察沃保护区进行了研究,该保护区是东非有记录的HWC发病率最高的地区之一。我们探讨了以前的野生动物经验和景观条件如何相互作用,从而影响人们对野生动物的态度。我们对331个家庭进行了半结构化调查,并拟合了一个有序混合效应回归模型,以预测人类对野生动物的态度作为景观条件和先前相互作用的函数。受访者指出,狒狒、大象和狮子对人类安全和私有财产构成最大的威胁。面临野生动物风险的家庭希望野生动物数量减少,而依赖研究区域外牧场的家庭希望看到野生动物数量增加。我们的研究表明,人类与野生动物的互动具有重要的社会和空间背景,由于私人财产的位置,同一地区的家庭之间的互动并不统一。相应地,为了使干预措施有效,我们建议考虑当地的背景和社区的景观条件。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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