Why Fallacies Appear to Be Better Arguments than They Are

D. Walton
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引用次数: 91

Abstract

This paper explains how a fallacious argument can be deceptive by appearing to be a better argument of its kind than it really is. The explanation combines heuristics and argumentation schemes. Heuristics are fast and frugal shortcuts to a solution to a problem. They are reasonable to use, but sometimes jump to a conclusion that is not justified. In fallacious instances, according to the theory proposed, such a jump overlooks prerequisites of the defeasible argumentation scheme for the type of argument in question. Three informal fallacies, argumentum ad verecundiam, argumentum ad ignorantiam and fear appeal argument, are used to illustrate and explain the theory.
为什么谬论看起来比实际上更好
这篇论文解释了一个错误的论点是如何通过看起来比实际上更好的论点而具有欺骗性的。这种解释结合了启发式和论证方案。启发式是解决问题的快速而节俭的捷径。它们的使用是合理的,但有时会得出不合理的结论。根据所提出的理论,在谬误的实例中,这种跳跃忽略了所讨论的论证类型的可推翻论证方案的先决条件。三种非正式的谬论,论证与事实,论证与无知和恐惧上诉论证,被用来说明和解释理论。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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