[Brain and memory: new neurons to remember].

Alexandra Gros, A. Veyrac, S. Laroche
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引用次数: 3

Abstract

A defining characteristic of the brain is its remarkable capacity to undergo activity-dependent functional and structural remodelling via mechanisms of plasticity that form the basis of our capacity to encode and retain memories. The prevailing model of how our brain stores new information about relationships between events or new abstract constructs suggests it resides in activity-driven modifications of synaptic strength and remodelling of neural networks brought about by cellular and molecular changes within the neurons activated during learning. To date, the idea that a form of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity known as long-term potentiation, or LTP, and the associated synaptic growth play a central role in the laying down of memories has received considerable support. Beyond this mechanism of plasticity at the synapse, adult neurogenesis, i.e. the birth and growth of new neurons, is another form of neural plasticity that occurs continuously in defined brain regions such as the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Here, based on work in the hippocampus, we review the processes and mechanisms of the generation and selection of new neurons in the adult brain and the accumulating evidence that supports the idea that this form of neural plasticity is essential to store and lead to retrievable hippocampal-dependent memories.
[大脑和记忆:需要记住的新神经元]。
大脑的一个决定性特征是其通过可塑性机制进行依赖于活动的功能和结构重塑的非凡能力,可塑性机制形成了我们编码和保留记忆的能力的基础。关于我们的大脑如何存储关于事件之间关系或新的抽象结构的新信息的主流模型表明,它存在于活动驱动的突触强度的修改和神经网络的重塑中,这些修改是由学习过程中激活的神经元内的细胞和分子变化引起的。迄今为止,一种被称为长期增强(LTP)的活动依赖的突触可塑性形式以及相关的突触生长在记忆的形成中起着核心作用的观点得到了相当多的支持。除了突触的可塑性机制之外,成人神经发生,即新神经元的诞生和生长,是另一种形式的神经可塑性,它持续发生在特定的大脑区域,如海马的齿状回。在此,基于海马体的研究,我们回顾了成人大脑中新神经元的产生和选择的过程和机制,以及越来越多的证据支持这种形式的神经可塑性对于储存和导致可检索的海马体依赖记忆至关重要的观点。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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