PERIODONTAL HEALTH STATUS OF SAUDI PATIENTS UNDERGOING ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT

Abstract

The growing awareness about dental aesthetics and functionality in the general population has led to more and more people seeking orthodontic treatment. The patient’s ability to achieve and maintain good overall oral hygiene and prevent periodontal disease is fundamental while undergoing orthodontic treatment. This study was done to evaluate the periodontal health status of Saudi patients scheduled for fixed orthodontic treatment. Fifty patients (12-26 years old) were selected from orthodontic clinics of King Abdul-Aziz Medical City of National Guard, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The periodontal health status of the patients was evaluated using the plaque index (PI), the orthodontic plaque index (OPI) and the gingival bleeding index (GBI). These indices were determined prior to the placement of fixed appliances, after 6 months and after 12 months of the beginning of the orthodontic treatment. Results showed that PI and OPI were high with mean scores of 65.24 ± 16.43 for PI and 53.56 ± 8.74 for OPI, while the average GBI scored a much lower value of 19.14 ± 7.95. After 6 months of treatment, the probing pocket depth at the first molars was 1.5-2.0 mm. In some severe cases it exceeded 3mm. After 12 months of treatment, the probing pocket depth was greater than that observed at 6 months and it mostly fell in the range of 2.0-2.5mm. No significant differences were observed between male and female patients for the PI (p=0.925) and for OPI (p=0.072); However, a significant difference was observed for the GBI (p=0.033). Thus it was concluded that plaque deposition during orthodontic treatment can promote periodontal inflammation and destruction. Oral hygiene measures, patient education and motivation can help maintain oral hygiene and minimize the hazardous effects of orthodontic treatment on periodontal tissues. La prise de conscience sur l’esthetique et la fonction dentaire dans la population generale a pousse de plus en plus les gens a demander un traitement orthodontique. Lors d’un traitement orthodontique, la capacite du patient a maintenir une bonne hygiene bucco-dentaire et a prevenir les maladies parodontales est fondamentale. Cette etude a ete realisee pour evaluer l'etat de sante parodontale des patients saoudiens subissant un traitement orthodontique fixe. Cinquante patients (12 - 26 ans) ont ete selectionnes a partir des cliniques d'orthodontie de la Cite Medicale de la Garde Nationale du roi Abdul -Aziz, Riyad, Arabie Saoudite. L’examen parodontal a ete effectue avant, apres 6 mois et apres 12 mois du debut du traitement. L'etat de sante parodontale des patients a ete evalue en utilisant l'indice de plaque, l'indice de plaque d'orthodontie et l'indice gingival de saignement. Les resultats ont montre que l'indice de plaque et l'indice de plaque orthodontique sont eleves avec des scores moyens respectifs de 65,24 ± 16,43 et 53,56 ± 8,74. Seul l'indice de saignement gingival etait plus faible, avec une valeur de 19.14 ± 7.95. Apres 6 mois de traitement, la profondeur de poche au niveau des premieres molaires etait de 1,5 -2 mm. Dans certains cas graves, elle a depasse les 3 mm. Apres 12 mois de traitement, la profondeur de poche etait superieure a celle observee a 6 mois avec des valeurs de 2-2,5 mm. Aucune difference significative n'a ete observee entre les hommes et les femmes pour l’indice de plaque (p = 0,925) et pour l'indice de plaque orthodontique (p = 0,072). Cependant, une difference significative a ete observee pour l'indice de saignement gingival (p = 0,033). En conclusion, la deposition de plaque au cours du traitement orthodontique a entraine une destruction du parodonte. Un detartrage regulier des dents couple a la motivation du patient permettent de maintenir une bonne hygiene bucco-dentaire et de minimiser les effets nefastes du traitement orthodontique sur les tissus parodontaux. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}