Simulations and measurements of large phase progression in multi-layered metamaterials

Abstract

Insertion phase in multi-layered metamaterials play an important role in understanding the constitutive parameters of the material. Simulations and measurements show the distinct large phase change across the frequency band in which the metamaterial exhibits special parameters. This paper addresses the phase behavior for materials that use loops or rings for magnetic properties and rods, wires, or probes for electric properties. Continuous wires and cut wires in the structure show different properties, especially in the frequency regions where negative refraction occurs. The conjecture that negative refraction is a manifestation of insertion phase variations is reiterated in this paper.