Frequency of different histopathological types of esophageal cancer patients at oncology department of a tertiary care hospital in Karachi

Zoya Sheikh, G. Haider, K. Ahmed, Bhunisha
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Abstract

Background: Around the globe, carcinoma of the esophagus is the eighth most prevalent cancer with an incidence of 456,000 cases per year and is the sixth cause of cancer mortality. There are two major histological subtypes of carcinoma of the esophagus, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the frequency of different histopathological types of esophageal cancer in patients presenting at the tertiary care hospital of Karachi. Patients and methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Department of Clinical Oncology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi from March 2017 till March 2019. Two hundred and one histologically proven cases of esophageal cancer of in patients of either gender and between 15-80 years of age were included. Patients were interviewed and data regarding age, gender, education, marital status, employment status, addictions like cigarette or huqqa smoking, consumption of pan, betel nut, naswar, or gutka were recorded. Endoscopy and histology and computed tomography scan were performed. Stage, site, grade and type of tumor were noted. SPSS version 23 was used to analyze data. Mean and SD were calculated for quantitative variables. Frequency and percentage were calculated for qualitative variables. A Chi-square test was used to assess the significance between age and gender with type of EC. A p-value≤0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Mean age of the patients was 47.84. The majority of the patients had stage 2 of cancer (42.8%) and lower tumor site (62.2%) Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histopathological type in 137 patients out of 201 (68%). The age, gender, smoking, consumption of pan, grade, site, and stage of the tumor showed a statistically significant difference when compared with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Conclusion: The burden of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is dramatically increasing in the Pakistani population and squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histopathological type.
卡拉奇某三级医院肿瘤科食管癌患者不同组织病理类型的发生率
背景:在全球范围内,食管癌是第八大最常见的癌症,每年发病率为456,000例,是癌症死亡的第六大原因。食管癌有两种主要的组织学亚型,食管鳞状细胞癌和腺癌。本研究的目的是评估在卡拉奇三级医院就诊的食管癌患者中不同组织病理类型的频率。患者和方法:本研究于2017年3月至2019年3月在卡拉奇真纳研究生医学中心临床肿瘤科进行。251例经组织学证实的食管癌病例包括15-80岁的男女患者。对患者进行访谈,记录年龄、性别、教育程度、婚姻状况、就业状况、吸烟或胡卡烟等成瘾行为、pan、槟榔、naswar或gutka的消费情况。进行了内窥镜、组织学和计算机断层扫描。记录肿瘤的分期、部位、分级和类型。采用SPSS version 23进行数据分析。计算定量变量的均值和标准差。定性变量计算频率和百分比。采用卡方检验评估年龄和性别与EC类型之间的显著性。p值≤0.05为显著性。结果:患者平均年龄47.84岁。大多数患者为2期癌症(42.8%),肿瘤下部部位(62.2%)鳞状细胞癌是最常见的组织病理类型,137例(68%)。与食管鳞状细胞癌和食管腺癌相比,年龄、性别、吸烟、饮食量、肿瘤分级、部位、分期差异有统计学意义。结论:巴基斯坦人群食管鳞状细胞癌的负担急剧增加,鳞状细胞癌是最常见的组织病理类型。
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