TRANSPORT OF INDIA

M. Borisov
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Abstract

Transport of India is developing in the context of the country's rapid economic growth in the last decades. Progress in the transportation system is accompanied with structural changes, the most important of which is the steep increase in the share of road transport in freight and passenger transportation due to the decline in the share of rail transport. The predominance of road transport in the world's fourth economy with an enormous population has given rise to a threat of transport collapse and problems connected with the environment and occupation of land by new road construction. That's why rail transport which is more economical and has a greater capacity of its lines is entering a new stage in its development. Air transport which has been improved technically and lowered its tariffs is developing at the highest rate. Indian market of domestic air transportation is one of the world's biggest and most promising. The use of sea shipping, particularly coastal, capable of doing part of the freight transportation of overcrowded highways and railroads, is used insufficiently. Pipeline transport is not very important in freight transportation because the major part of natural gas and oil are imported by sea and the refineries are situated in sea ports.
印度交通
在过去几十年印度经济快速增长的背景下,印度的交通正在发展。交通运输系统的进步伴随着结构性变化,其中最重要的是由于铁路运输份额的下降,公路运输在货运和客运中的份额急剧增加。在这个人口众多的世界第四大经济体中,公路运输占主导地位,造成了运输崩溃的威胁以及与环境和新道路建设占用土地有关的问题。这就是为什么更经济、线路容量更大的铁路运输进入了一个新的发展阶段。航空运输在技术上得到了改进,降低了关税,正在以最快的速度发展。印度国内航空运输市场是世界上最大和最有前途的市场之一。海运的使用,特别是沿海运输,能够完成过度拥挤的公路和铁路的部分货物运输,没有得到充分利用。管道运输在货物运输中并不重要,因为大部分天然气和石油都是海运进口的,而且炼油厂都位于海港。
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