Pattern of Shear-induced Fracture Development in en Echelon Array : Discrete-element Approach

Soondal Kwon, Seungwan You, Sanghoon Kwon, Ki-Seog Kim
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Abstract

Abstract Rock masses include various rock discontinuities such as faults, joints, and bedding planes. These discontinuities appear as complex structures in geometry. In this study, growth patterns of fractures between two stepping shear fracture tips are numerically modeled using PFC2D (Particle Flow Code). The numerical model showed not only incipient growth of fractures at the tips of preexisting fractures but also subsequent growth of the new fractures. It is observed from all of the experiments that the incipient fractures are tensile cracks developed at 30~57° to the preexisting fractures and the subsequent growth of these fractures were at low angles to the preexisting fractures this study.Key words Shear fracture, Discrete-element code, PFC, Numerical experiment, Fracture growthoints set초 록 암반에는 단층, 절리, 층리 등의 불연속면이 많이 포함되어 있다 . 이러한 불연속면은 기하학적 복합성에 의해 복잡한 구조로 나타난다 . 이 연구는 스텝으로 배열된 두 전단균열의 끝에서 나타나는 구조 발달을 수치 해석적으로 연구하였다 . 이 연구에서는 PFC2D(Particle Flow Code) 프로그램을 이용하여 두 전단균열의 끝에서 형성되는 초기균열(incipient fracture)뿐만 아니라 초기균열에서 덧자라는 균열의 성장과정을 살펴보았으며 , 균열발생 시 나타나는 주변응력상태를 관찰하였다 . 모든 실험 결과에서는 균열 끝에서 발생한 초기 균열 대부분이 인장균열에 의한 것으로 나타났으며 , 균열의 전파각은 초기에 30~57°에서 실험이 더 진행되면 저각으로 발달하는 것으로 나타났다.핵심어 전단균열, 개별요소법, PFC, 수치실험, 균열성장
en Echelon阵列剪切裂缝发育模式:离散元方法
Abstract Rock masses include various Rock discontinuities such as faults, joints, and bedding planes。These discontinuities appear as complex structures in geometry。In this study, growth patterns of fractures between two stepping shear fracture tips are numerically modeled using PFC2D (Particle Flow Code)。The numerical model showed not only incipient growth of fractures at The tips of preexisting fractures but also subsequent growth of The new fractures。It is observed from all of the experiments that the incipient fractures are tensile cracks developed at 30 ~ 57°to the preexisting fractures and the subsequent growth of these fractures were at lowangles to the preexisting fractures this study。“Key words Shear fracture”、“Discrete-element code”、“PFC”、“Numerical experiment”、“fracture growthoints set”超岩层中含有大量的断层、节理、层理等不连续面。这些不连续面因几何复合性而呈现出复杂的结构。该研究通过数值解析的方式研究了两个剪切裂缝末端的结构发展。在这项研究中,我们使用PFC2D(Particle Flow Code)程序,不仅观察了在两个剪切裂纹末端形成的初始裂纹(incipient fracture),还观察了在初始裂纹中生长的裂纹生长过程,并观察了裂纹发生时的周围应力状态。所有的实验结果都显示裂纹末端的早期裂纹大部分是由拉伸裂纹引起的,裂纹的传播角在早期30°至57°时发展为低角。关键词剪切龟裂,个别要素法,PFC,数值实验,龟裂成长
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