Phonetics of Consonants

Susanne Fuchs, P. Birkholz
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引用次数: 5

Abstract

Consonants are a major class of sounds occurring in all human languages. Typologically, consonant inventories are richer than vowel inventories. Consonants have been classified according to four basic features. Airstream mechanism is one of these features and describes the direction of airflow in or out of the oral cavity. The outgoing airflow is further separated according to its origin, that is, air coming from the lungs (pulmonic) or the oral cavity (non-pulmonic). Consonants are also grouped according to their phonological voicing contrast, which can be manifested phonetically by the presence or absence of vocal fold oscillations during the oral closure/constriction phase and by the duration from an oral closure release to the onset of voicing. Place of articulation is the third feature and refers to the location at which a consonantal constriction or closure is produced in the vocal tract. Finally, manner of articulation reflects different timing and coordinated actions of the articulators closely tied to aerodynamic properties.
辅音的语音
辅音是出现在所有人类语言中的一类主要声音。在类型学上,辅音列音比元音列音更丰富。辅音有四个基本特征。气流机制是这些特征之一,描述了气流进出口腔的方向。出气流根据其来源进一步分离,即来自肺部(肺动脉)或口腔(非肺动脉)的空气。辅音也根据其语音对比进行分组,这可以通过在口腔闭合/收缩阶段声带振荡的存在或不存在以及从口腔闭合释放到发声的持续时间来表现。发音位置是第三个特征,是指声道中产生辅音收缩或闭合的位置。最后,铰接方式反映了铰接器的不同时机和协调动作,与气动特性密切相关。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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