Retrospective serologic survey for the presence of feline immunodeficiency virus antibody: a comparison of ELISA and IFA techniques.

Abstract

A total of 878 samples from the New York State Diagnostic Laboratory (NYSDL), dating from January 1984 to May 1987, were examined to detect antibodies to feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). We used 2 screening methods; an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Of these, 211 samples were from cats that tested negative for feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and exhibited disease signs consistent with immunodeficiency disease; 19 (9.0%) serum samples were determined to be positive. An additional 508 samples were from cats that tested FeLV-negative and were asymptomatic; 6 (1.2%) sera were determined to be positive. The final 159 samples were from FeLV-positive cats and included symptomatic and asymptomatic animals; this population of cats produced 6 (3.8%) positives. Additionally, 521 samples from the Cornell Feline Health Center (CFHC) serum bank, dating back to 1966, were tested to determine the earliest sample in which FIV antibodies could be detected. Five (2.7%) 1971 and 3 (3.3%) 1969 CFHC samples tested positive. The IFA for FIV antibody proved to be a sensitive (97.4%) and specific (100%) test. The ELISA also had high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (99.6%); however, the IFA proved to be more specific than the ELISA when assaying FeLV-positive cats.