Diphtheria ‘Arrives’

Michael Dwyer
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Abstract

Chapter two will discuss how, from the 1880s, diphtheria increasingly became an urban disease in Britain, Europe and America, and it is unlikely that Irish urban centres managed to avoid this ominous trend. The introduction of the Infectious Disease (Ireland) Act in 1906, and the mandatory obligation this legislation placed on local authorities to notify outbreaks of infectious disease, exposed the true prevalence of diphtheria in Ireland. The burgeoning, albeit reluctant, acknowledgement by local authorities in Dublin and Cork that diphtheria was endemic in their districts brought with it realization that a comprehensive public health response was required. Radical reform of public health administration and service provision in the newly independent Irish Free State, meant that Irish health authorities were well placed to take advantage of cutting edge laboratory-based measures to control infectious disease. It examines the development of anti-diphtheria antitoxin and its application as a preventive measure on a mass scale in New York in the early 1920s before considering how this radical public health intervention was received by health authorities and medical professionals in Britain and Ireland. This chapter will show how Irish health officials and medical officers eschewed the reticence of their British counterparts, readily abandoned traditional sanitarian approaches to disease control and embraced new public health methodologies in a bid to protect child life.
第二章将讨论从19世纪80年代开始,白喉如何在英国、欧洲和美国日益成为一种城市疾病,爱尔兰的城市中心不太可能设法避免这种不祥的趋势。1906年颁布的《传染病(爱尔兰)法》以及该法规定地方当局有义务通报传染病的爆发,暴露了白喉在爱尔兰的真实流行情况。都柏林和科克的地方当局尽管不情愿地迅速承认白喉是他们地区的地方病,这使他们认识到需要采取全面的公共卫生应对措施。新独立的爱尔兰自由邦对公共卫生管理和服务提供进行了彻底改革,这意味着爱尔兰卫生当局处于有利地位,可以利用以实验室为基础的尖端措施来控制传染病。它考察了抗白喉抗毒素的发展及其在20世纪20年代初在纽约作为一种大规模预防措施的应用,然后考虑了英国和爱尔兰的卫生当局和医疗专业人员如何接受这种激进的公共卫生干预。本章将展示爱尔兰卫生官员和医疗官员如何避开英国同行的沉默寡言,欣然放弃传统的卫生主义方法来控制疾病,并采用新的公共卫生方法来保护儿童的生命。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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