Wyjaśnienie dogmatu chalcedońskiego w VI wieku. Interpretacja osoby i natury przez teologów „neochalcedonizmu” według Aloisa Grillmeiera

Abstract

At the Council of Chalcedon (451), the Fathers introduced a clear and previously unknown distinction between the Christological concepts of person and nature. This contributed to various problems, the most important of which was the lack of a new definition of person. For this reason, the council became the subject of sharp criticism primarily from “moderate” Monophysites. In this article, with the help of Alois Grillmeier’s analysis in his work Jesus der Christus, the author presents the efforts of the two most influential theologians who defended and deepened the teaching of the Council within the framework of the so called “Neochalcedonism” in the sixth century, Leontius of Byzantium and Leontius of Jerusalem. Theses theologians developed the concept of person as the source of the nature’s existence, thus giving it an existential and primary meaning in relation to phýsis. The author explains how, based on this, they were able to fill in all the questionable deficiencies in the Chalcedonian definition.