Spatio-Temporal Analysis of SO2 Concentrations Due to Volcanic Eruptions in Indonesia Using Sentinel-5P with Earth Engine Platform

Abstract

Based on data from MAGMA PVMBG, the Geological Agency of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, in 2019, about 10 mountains have erupted and some have erupted more than twice. Therefore, a spatiotemporal analysis was carried out on SO2 concentrations due to volcanic eruptions in Indonesia in the 2019-2022 period through Sentinel-5P image data with the help of a cloud-based application, Earth Engine. Analysis was carried out at pre-eruption, during an eruption, and post-eruption to determine the difference. This analysis is performed over a weekly time frame. From the results obtained, the concentration of SO2 in the eruption area increased during the eruption and tended to be high compared to the concentration during pre and post-disaster. The distribution of sulfur dioxide is influenced by wind direction and speed, so the sulfur concentration is not always high near the area around the eruption. The value of SO2 concentration in the volcanic eruption area ranges from 0.00-0.007 mol/m2. Based on the correlation test with BMKG environmental data, the surface temperature parameter is known to be positively correlated with the SO2 value and has a negative correlation with humidity. The data that has been validated is then displayed on the website with a simple and easy-to-understand interface for users.