The Financial and Institutional Mechanism of the Sanitation and Wastewater Management System: Learning from the Japanese Experience

Abstract

• Japanese experiences of implementing off-site and on-site sanitation and wastewater management (SWM) systems can give insights into sustainable financial mechanisms and institutional arrangements for SWM. • There are referable steps that developing countries can follow according to the Japanese experience of implementing SWM systems for goals, laws and regulations, facilities, and the financial system. • In many Asian countries, some patterns at the stakeholder level can cause systemic failure of the SWM system. • An initiative for a well-organized SWM system is a way to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 6 by securing public health and providing a safe living environment to resolve SWM issues.