MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in Colorectal Cancer

Oncogenes and Carcinogenesis Pub Date : 2018-11-07 DOI:10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80828

Burçin Baran, Nazli Mert Ozupek, G. C. Kocal, Y. Baskın

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引用次数: 6

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world and third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men and women as well. While early screening procedures and removal of small polyps improve the survival rates among the patients, there is still need for new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for developing more effective treatments. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNA fragments, which involve in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression, and they are shown to involve in tumorigenesis either targeting oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Based on the current studies, miRNAs are now suggested as potential biomarkers for CRC diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic responses. In this chapter, the latest findings on the role of miRNA in CRC in many aspects are reviewed: diagnosis (role of circular miRNAs in blood and miRNAs from tissue biopsies and their potential role in pathophysiology and diagnosis of CRC), prognosis (miRNAs related with metastasis, recurrence, and survival rates in CRC), and therapeutic responses (role of miRNAs both in chemotherapies and/or in targeted therapies in CRC). In conclusion, miRNAs are promising molecules for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic responses of CRC. the microprocessor complex) nucleotide (nt) pre-miRNAs. Pre-miRNA, which is by the nuclear export factor exportin-5, is transferred to the cytoplasm. In the cytoplasm, the cytoplasmic RNase Dicer cleaves the pre-miRNA hairpin to its mature length. Dicer in complex with the transactivation response (TAR) RNA-binding protein (also known as TRBP and TARBP2) and argonaute (AGO) 1–4 mediate the processing of pre-miRNA and the assembly of the RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex). With the formation of this complex structure, one strand of the miRNA duplex is removed and single-stranded miRNA is generated. Interaction complex and target induces posttranscriptional silencing destabilization of and suppression between miR-27b, miR-148a, and miR-326 expression levels and progression-free

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结直肠癌中的MicroRNAs (miRNAs)

结直肠癌(CRC)是世界上第三大常见癌症，也是男性和女性癌症相关死亡的第三大原因。虽然早期筛查和切除小息肉提高了患者的生存率，但仍需要新的诊断和治疗方法来开发更有效的治疗方法。MicroRNAs (miRNAs)是一种短的非编码RNA片段，参与基因表达的转录后调控，它们被证明参与肿瘤发生，要么靶向癌基因，要么靶向肿瘤抑制基因。根据目前的研究，mirna现在被认为是CRC诊断、预后和治疗反应的潜在生物标志物。本章综述了miRNA在CRC中的最新作用，包括诊断(血液中的环状miRNA和组织活检中的miRNA的作用及其在CRC病理生理和诊断中的潜在作用)、预后(与CRC转移、复发和生存率相关的miRNA)和治疗反应(miRNA在化疗和/或靶向治疗中的作用)。综上所述，mirna在CRC的诊断、预后和治疗反应方面是有前景的分子。(微处理器复合体)核苷酸(nt)前mirnas。Pre-miRNA通过核输出因子export -5转移到细胞质中。在细胞质中，细胞质RNase Dicer将pre-miRNA发夹切割至成熟长度。Dicer与transactivation response (TAR) rna结合蛋白(也称为TRBP和TARBP2)和argonaute (AGO) 1-4复合物介导pre-miRNA的加工和RISC (rna诱导沉默复合物)的组装。随着这种复杂结构的形成，miRNA双链的一条链被移除，生成单链miRNA。相互作用复合物和靶标诱导miR-27b、miR-148a和miR-326表达水平的转录后沉默、不稳定和抑制，且无进展

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Oncogenes and Carcinogenesis

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