Evaluation of unalloyed titanium implant surfaces

Abstract

The effects of surface treatment procedures as recommended by the American Society for Testing and Materials on the surface of unalloyed titanium implants were examined. Solid surface tension assessment suggested that the two-liquid Zisman plots were not sensitive to polar components and resulted in trends different from the two-liquid Kaelble plots. Raman studies did not show any crystalline order and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicated that the surface layers were composed primarily of a TiO/sub 2/ type stoichiometry along with 3 hydrocarbon overlayer. The surfaces also contained varying, although minute, amounts of surface contamination.